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RESIDUAL TRAPPING OF CO2 IN AQUIFERS DURING
COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW
by
Dalad Nattwongasem
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(PETROLEUM ENGINEERING)
August 2011
Copyright 2011 Dalad Nattwongasem
Object Description
| Title | Residual trapping of CO₂ in aquifers during counter-current flow |
| Author | Nattwongasem, Dalad |
| Author email | nattwong@usc.edu;daladn@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Petroleum Engineering |
| School | Viterbi School of Engineering |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-05-17 |
| Date submitted | 2011-07-14 |
| Date approved | 2011-07-15 |
| Restricted until | 2011-07-15 |
| Date published | 2011-07-15 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Jessen, Kristian |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Ershaghi, Iraj Safonov, Michael G. |
| Abstract | Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the earth’s atmosphere has initiated a wide range of efforts to mitigate emissions and to capture and sequester CO₂. Carbon sequestration in deep saline aquifers provides a potential site for long-term storing large amount of CO₂ without significant leakage back to surface. However, the time-scales that characterize the immobilization of CO₂ in an aquifer, by mechanisms such as capillary trapping, dissolution and chemical reaction, are not yet fully understood. The key contributions and findings from this research effort are: • A new dimensionless time-scale is proposed to describe residual entrapment of the non-wetting phase during counter-current flow. The new time-scale is demonstrated to outperform existing time-scales for a full range of relevant aquifer settings. • By combining experimental observations with numerical calculations, we demonstrate that the use of co-current relative permeability functions is insufficient to capture the migration dynamics of a non-wetting phase plume in counter-current flow settings. ❧ In this research project, we focus on the time-scale that describes the rate of entrapment of a well-defined CO₂ plume during counter-current flow. We use numerical calculations to study the interplay between capillary and gravity forces on migration dynamics. Based on numerical calculations, we propose a scaling analysis that allows us to estimate the rate and amount of entrapment over a range of relevant aquifer settings. ❧ In addition, current simulations models are commonly based on sequential displacements experiments (co-current flow) whereas any CO₂ that is injected into an aquifer will migrate upwards due to buoyancy in a counter-current flow setting. We test the use of the co-current saturation functions to predict the migration of CO₂ plume in an aquifer in the context of the counter-current flow settings. To test the accuracy of numerical calculations, a series of dynamic segregation experiments is performed with an analog brine/isooctane fluid system in a well-defined porous media to observe the changes in non-wetting phase saturation as a function of time. A comparison of the experimental observations with numerical calculations demonstrates that co-current relative permeability is inadequate to represent the migration dynamics and that counter-current relative permeability must be integrated in the simulation of aquifer storage processes. |
| Keyword | carbon sequestration; residual trapping; resistivity measurements; segregation experiment; time scale |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m |
| Rights | Nattwongasem, Dalad |
| Access conditions | The author retains rights to his/her dissertation, thesis or other graduate work according to U.S. copyright law. Electronic access is being provided by the USC Libraries in agreement with the author, as the original true and official version of the work, but does not grant the reader permission to use the work if the desired use is covered by copyright. It is the author, as rights holder, who must provide use permission if such use is covered by copyright. The original signature page accompanying the original submission of the work to the USC Libraries is retained by the USC Libraries and a copy of it may be obtained by authorized requesters contacting the repository e-mail address given. |
| Repository name | University of Southern California Digital Library |
| Repository address | USC Digital Library, University of Southern California, University Park Campus MC 7002, 106 University Village, Los Angeles, California 90089-7002, USA |
| Repository email | cisadmin@usc.edu |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume71/etd-Nattwongas-93.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | RESIDUAL TRAPPING OF CO2 IN AQUIFERS DURING COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW by Dalad Nattwongasem A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PETROLEUM ENGINEERING) August 2011 Copyright 2011 Dalad Nattwongasem |
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