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LOCATING AND QUANTIFYING SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION BY
NONPARAMETRIC TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS
by
Babak Pazokifard
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING)
December 2007
Copyright 2007 Babak Pazokifard
Object Description
| Title | Locating and quantifying sources of air pollution by nonparametric trajectory analysis |
| Author | Pazokifard, Babak |
| Author email | pazokifa@usc.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Environmental Engineering |
| School | Viterbi School of Engineering |
| Date defended/completed | 2007-10-23 |
| Date submitted | 2007 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2007-11-12 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Henry, Ronald |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Chilingarian, George James, Gareth |
| Abstract | In order to improve air quality, it is necessary to identify the sources of airborne pollution. Local emissions are more controllable compared to regional emissions which may not even be in the same city or state as the impacted area. By knowing and reducing local emissions, even without completely eliminating them, air quality may be greatly improved.; There are generally two types of air quality models used to evaluate the impact of emissions on air quality on a local, regional, and global scale: traditional source-oriented models and receptor models. Source-oriented models require detailed information on emission composition and rates and also meteorological data. On the other hand, receptor models use chemical fingerprints to quantify sources affecting the monitoring site. This type of model does not consider the meteorological conditions such as wind speed and direction, which reduces the accuracy of locating the sources of air pollution. Receptor models cannot be used for some simple pollutants such as SO2 due to the lack of chemical fingerprints. Therefore, these models have some shortcomings in quantifying the emission sources on smaller scales. Source-oriented models perform poorly when there are changes and uncertainties in emission rate and composition of sources, for example sources such as windblown dust and construction activities.; This study proposes a new hybrid receptor model. Unlike source-oriented models, this model uses short time average observations of pollutant concentrations. And unlike conventional receptor models, this model uses meteorological data such as wind speed and wind direction. The goal is location identification, and quantification of local sources of emissions.; In order to identify the location of emission sources, back trajectories are calculated by using wind speed and wind direction from one or more monitoring sites. The points on each back trajectory are associated with the pollutant concentration when the trajectory arrives at the monitor. The average value of the pollutant at the monitor, given that air has passed near a geographical point on a grid, is calculated by nonparametric regression of the pollutant concentrations over all the back trajectories passing near the point for the period of interest. Using multiple wind monitors increases the reliability of back trajectories by combining metrological data. This will help expanding the range of back trajectories and reduced the error ifone set of data is not available or unreliable.; The method is illustrated by application to 1-minute SO2 data from Long Beach, CA and 1-minute PM10 data from Rubidoux, CA along with meteorological data from 29 sites in South Coast Air Basin of Southern California. The results identify off-shore ships in the Port of Long Beach and the Port of Los Angeles as major SO2 sources. Using the Rubidoux data, emission sources are located at aggregate, ready mix, and asphalt factory and also at excavation and construction sites. |
| Keyword | air pollution modeling; hybrid model |
| Geographic subject (state) | California |
| Geographic subject (country) | USA |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m917 |
| Rights | Pazokifard, Babak |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | http://www.usc.edu/isd/libraries/services/ask_a_librarian/email/ |
| Filename | etd-Pazokifard-20071112 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume32/etd-Pazokifard-20071112.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | LOCATING AND QUANTIFYING SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION BY NONPARAMETRIC TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS by Babak Pazokifard A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING) December 2007 Copyright 2007 Babak Pazokifard |
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