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INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES ON
THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PRIMARY PARTICLES AND
THEIR IMPACT ON PUBLIC EXPOSURE
by
Zhi Ning
____________________________________________________________________
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING)
August 2009
Copyright 2009 Zhi Ning
Object Description
| Title | Influence of atmospheric processes on the physico-chemical properties of primary particles and their impact on public exposure |
| Author | Ning, Zhi |
| Author email | ning@usc.edu; ning.usc@gmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Environmental Engineering |
| School | Viterbi School of Engineering |
| Date defended/completed | 2009-05-19 |
| Date submitted | 2009 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2009-07-14 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Sioutas, Constantinos |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Henry, Ronald Phares, Denis Fruin, Scott |
| Abstract | Primary sources, especially vehicle emissions, are the dominant contributors of ambient particulate matter (PM) in urban environments. Upon their emissions from primary sources, ambient PM undergoes various atmospheric processes which may alter their physic-chemical and toxicological properties before the exposure to the public. This thesis first investigates the physic-chemical properties of ambient ultrafine aerosols characterized as from primary source in the immediate vicinity of a major freeway in Los Angeles. Then the thesis examines the atmospheric processes (dilution and photochemical oxidation) that dominate the dynamics of primary aerosols following their emission. Atmospheric dilution affects the dynamic behavior of aerosols by affecting the ambient concentration levels of non-labile PM species and also shifting the gas-particle partitioning of the semivolatile PM component. This study discusses the roles of dilution in changing the physico-chemical properties of the ambient aerosols by comparing thenormalized fuel-based emission factors of various PM species. This information is complemented with an investigation of secondary aerosol formation from atmospheric photochemical reactions that alters the PM volatility, solubility and chemical properties. Based on the experimental investigation, the thesis reviews the recent findings that link PM semi-volatile components and their redox activity, and also discusses the influence and importance of PM volatility on particle toxicity.; Lastly, this thesis discusses possible metrics to regulate PM emissions and establish ambient air quality standards that are pertinent to public health, and suggests future investigations aimed to improve our current understanding of the adverse health effects of public exposure to ambient aerosols. |
| Keyword | dilution; photochemical reactions; primary particles; public health; semi-volatile PM species |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Los Angeles |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m2360 |
| Rights | Ning, Zhi |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | http://www.usc.edu/isd/libraries/services/ask_a_librarian/email/ |
| Filename | etd-Ning-2981 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume26/etd-Ning-2981.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PRIMARY PARTICLES AND THEIR IMPACT ON PUBLIC EXPOSURE by Zhi Ning ____________________________________________________________________ A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING) August 2009 Copyright 2009 Zhi Ning |
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