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LONG TERM EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON LUNG FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY
by
Thomas Götschi
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(EPIDEMIOLOGY)
August 2007
Copyright 2007 Thomas Götschi
Object Description
| Title | Long term effects of air pollution on lung function in the European community respiratory health survey |
| Author | Thomas Götschi |
| Author email | gotschi@usc.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Epidemiology |
| School | Keck School of Medicine |
| Date defended/completed | 2007-05-25 |
| Date submitted | 2007 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2007-07-30 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Kuenzli, Nino |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Gauderman, James W. Gilliland, Frank Jerrett, Michael Sioutas, Constantinous |
| Abstract | Lung function is an important measure of respiratory health and a predictor of cardio-respiratory morbidity and mortality. More than fifty publications have addressed long term effects of ambient air pollution on lung function. The vast majority of studies reported some significant adverse effects on lung function, including several studies on traffic. There is strong support for air pollution effects on lung function growth in children, while in adults the evidence is limited to comparisons of lung function levels and knowledge on effects on lung function decline remains inconclusive. The diversity in study designs and investigated air pollution and lung function measures is high, limiting the comparability of studies and the ability to draw quantitative conclusions.; The association of long term air pollution and lung function has not been studied across adult European multi-national populations. The aim of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) was to determine the association between long-term urban background air pollution and lung function levels, as well as change in lung function among European adults from 21 study centers. Fine particles (PM2.5) were measured using central monitors. Lung function (FEV1, FVC) was tested at baseline and after 9 years of follow-up. Multilevel linear regression models were used to analyze effects on lung function level and change in lung function. No significant associations were found between PM2.5 and any of the spirometric measures. PM2.5, lung function, and numerous covariates were correlated with latitude.; The observed null-findings may be explained by limitations of ECRHS, in particular various aspects of exposure misclassification, and the potential for center-level confounding along latitude. These limitations are inherently associated with the cross-community design, which is a consequence of the central monitor based exposure assessment. To adequately capture urban air pollution contrasts and to avoid confounding by center-level factors, future studies should therefore estimate exposures on an individual or within-community level.; Besides the question of effects on decline there remain several other unresolved lung function topics that require further research, such as early life exposures, effects on the plateau phase, susceptibility factors, and the specific roles of traffic and other pollution sources, among others. |
| Keyword | air pollution; lung function; long term; adults; Europe; PM2.5; FEV1; FVC; longitudinal |
| Geographic subject (continent) | Europe |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m718 |
| Rights | Thomas Götschi |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | http://www.usc.edu/isd/libraries/services/ask_a_librarian/email/ |
| Filename | etd-Gotschi-20070730 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume48/etd-Gotschi-20070730.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | LONG TERM EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION ON LUNG FUNCTION IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY RESPIRATORY HEALTH SURVEY by Thomas Götschi A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (EPIDEMIOLOGY) August 2007 Copyright 2007 Thomas Götschi |
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