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ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE ORBICULARIS
OCULI TO RESTORE EYE BLINK
by
Nicholas Alexander Sachs
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING)
August 2007
Copyright 2007 Nicholas Alexander Sachs
Object Description
| Title | Electrical stimulation of the orbicularis oculi to restore eye blink |
| Author | Sachs, Nicholas Alexander |
| Author email | nsachs@usc.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Biomedical Engineering |
| School | Viterbi School of Engineering |
| Date defended/completed | 2007-06-22 |
| Date submitted | 2007 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2007-07-09 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Weiland, James |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Loeb, Gerald Mansfeld, Florian B. Humayun, Mark Chang, Eli |
| Abstract | Brought about by dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve, facial paralysis results in the inability to contract the facial muscles and leads to host of functional and psychological deficits. The most significant clinical outcome of facial nerve palsy is the loss of the ability to blink the eye, which results in corneal exposure and can lead to such complications as corneal ulceration, permanent vision loss, and even potential loss of the eye. Current methods for restoring eye closure include the implantation of gold weights or mechanical springs into the eyelid, the use of artificial tears, and tarshorrhaphy. These passive measures are largely ineffective and both surgically and cosmetically unappealing. The use of electrical stimulation to reactivate the paralyzed orbicularis oculi muscle, which generates eye blink in healthy individuals, has the potential to provide a much more elegant and effective means of eliciting eye closure.; This thesis investigated the use of electrical stimulation of the orbicularis oculi muscle as a means of restoring blink function in a surgically induced animal model of orbicularis oculi paralysis. Both acute and chronic stimulation protocols were carried out, as well as a study that used electromyographic activity from a healthy eyelid to trigger the delivery of stimulation pulses to its paralyzed counterpart. This research represents the first quantitative assessment of eyelid closure generated by electrical stimulation of the paralyzed orbicularis oculi. It also represents the only known study to examine the effects of stimulation at multiple time-points following paralysis, both with and without chronic stimulation, and to note the effects of orbicularis oculi reinnervation on the ability to generate electrically stimulated eyelid closure. Finally, it provides the first quantitative evidence of the ability to restore synchronized blink function in a unilateral model of facial paralysis.; The ultimate goal of this work is to advance the understanding of orbicularis oculi stimulation and enable the transition from animal models to human studies. This research will hopefully lay the groundwork for the successful development of a clinical neuroprosthesis for the restoration of eye blink function. |
| Keyword | electrical stimulation; eye blink; facial paralysis; orbicularis oculi |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m593 |
| Rights | Sachs, Nicholas Alexander |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | http://www.usc.edu/isd/libraries/services/ask_a_librarian/email/ |
| Filename | etd-Sachs-20070709 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume29/etd-Sachs-20070709.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE ORBICULARIS OCULI TO RESTORE EYE BLINK by Nicholas Alexander Sachs A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING) August 2007 Copyright 2007 Nicholas Alexander Sachs |
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