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THE ROLE OF SIMILARITY IN RESTORING MISSING NOTES IN MUSIC
by
Justin Aronoff
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(NEUROSCIENCE)
August 2007
Copyright 2007 Justin Aronoff
Object Description
| Title | The role of similarity in restoring missing notes in music |
| Author | Aronoff, Justin |
| Author email | aronoff@usc.edu |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Neuroscience |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2007-06-18 |
| Date submitted | 2007 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2007-07-24 |
| Advisor (committee chair) |
Andersen, Elaine Lu, Zhong-Lin |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Bernstein, Lynne E. Grzywacz, Norberto Kaiser, Elsi |
| Abstract | In noisy environments, the auditory system is often presented with incomplete information. Many mechanisms facilitate perception in these noisy environments, including auditory restoration, a mechanism that perceptually fills in gaps in sounds. The information restored with auditory restoration ranges spectral-temporally from simple (e.g., steady tones) to complex (e.g., words). This dissertation proposes a theory whereby restoration is a similarity-based mapping from a disrupted stimulus to an internal percept. It is argued that this process is biased to restore monotonic spectral-temporal patterns (i.e., a pattern that does not change from increasing to decreasing frequency or the reverse), even if the original stimulus were non-monotonic. Three experiments were conducted to test this theory. The first experiment, using a similarity judgment paradigm, demonstrated the perceptual salience of the monotonic/non-monotonic dichotomy for the tunes used in the other experiments. The second experiment trained participants to identify a subset of the tunes from the first experiment and then asked them to distinguish between a tune containing a veridical note added to noise and a tune containing only a restored note occurring with the noise. The results indicate that listeners have considerable difficulty distinguishing a veridical and a restored note and that the difficulty increases the closer the veridical and restored notes are spectrally. Additionally, this experiment provided evidence that, even when the portion of the tune replaced by noise was originally non-monotonic, participants generally restored a monotonic pattern. The third experiment also trained participants on a subset of the tunes from the first experiment and then asked them to identify a tune when a note was removed and replaced by noise or silence.; The results demonstrated that the tendency to restore even non-monotonic patterns monotonically also occurs in identification tasks, a paradigm typically used in experiments demonstrating non-monotonic restoration. Additionally, this experiment demonstrated that the resulting percept could be predicted based on similarity. The results from these experiments provided strong evidence that restoration is a process that maps a disrupted stimulus to an internal percept based on similarity, and that when restoring information, the auditory system has a strong tendency to restore monotonically-changing information. |
| Keyword | auditory restoration; auditory induction; similarity; noisy environments |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m656 |
| Rights | Aronoff, Justin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | http://www.usc.edu/isd/libraries/services/ask_a_librarian/email/ |
| Filename | etd-Aronoff-20070724 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume14/etd-Aronoff-20070724.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Full text | THE ROLE OF SIMILARITY IN RESTORING MISSING NOTES IN MUSIC by Justin Aronoff A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (NEUROSCIENCE) August 2007 Copyright 2007 Justin Aronoff |
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