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THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE FOREHEAD TO THE MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR IN
ADULT WHITE FEMALES: AN EVALUATION OF ANDREWS ELEMENT II ANALYSIS
by
Samuel Lee
____________________________________________________________________
A Thesis Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
MASTER OF SCIENCE
(CRANIOFACIAL BIOLOGY)
May 2011
Copyright 2011 Samuel Lee
Object Description
| Title | The relationship of the forehead to the maxillary central incisor in adult white females: an evaluation of Andrews Element II analysis |
| Author | Lee, Samuel |
| Author email | leesamue@usc.edu; samonotone@gmail.com |
| Degree | Master of Science |
| Document type | Thesis |
| Degree program | Cranio-Facial Biology |
| School | School of Dentistry |
| Date defended/completed | 2011-02-18 |
| Date submitted | 2011 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2011-03-03 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Sameshima, Glenn T. |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Paine, Michael Enciso, Reyes |
| Abstract | Background: Facial esthetics is an important motivating factor for many patients seeking orthodontic treatment. Traditionally in orthodontics, facial profiles have been evaluated using cephalometrics and repose soft-tissue analysis. In this study we want to evaluate the significance of the profile soft-tissue analysis when the patient is smiling.; Purpose: Our purpose is to evaluate and compare the anteroposterior relationship of the maxillary central incisors to the forehead in adult white females with harmonious profiles versus adult white female orthodontic patients.; Methods: 94 photographic images of adult white females with good facial harmony (control sample) were compared with 150 photographs of adult white females seeking orthodontic treatment from 3 separate offices (study sample). All images smiling profile images had the maxillary central incisors and the forehead in full view. The images were adjusted and rotated to the upright head position. Reference lines were drawn to measure the anteroposterior positions of the maxillary central incisors as well as forehead inclinations.; Results: Our results indicate that there is a significant difference in anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisor between the control sample (harmonious profiles) and each office [control and office 1 (p=.002), control and office 2 (p=.000), and control and office 3 (p=.004)]. ANOVA and Nonparametric analysis indicate that our results are significant. Also there was a significant correlation in the control sample (R2 = 0.641) between anteroposterior incisor position and forehead inclination, however none in the study samples. The most esthetic maxillary central incisor position, between FFA point and glabella, was highest in the control sample (94%), but much less in the three offices (Office 1 = 22%, Office 2 = 30%, Office 3 = 30%).; Conclusion: The forehead can be confirmed as a reliable landmark for assessing the facial profile for adult white females as it relates to anteroposterior maxillary central incisor position relative to FFA. Treatment goals should include a harmonious relationship between the anteroposterior position of maxillary central incisors and the forehead for adult white female patients. |
| Keyword | orthodontic profile analysis |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Provenance | Electronically uploaded by the author |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m3681 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Lee, Samuel |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Lee-4376 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume23/etd-Lee-4376.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE FOREHEAD TO THE MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR IN ADULT WHITE FEMALES: AN EVALUATION OF ANDREWS ELEMENT II ANALYSIS by Samuel Lee ____________________________________________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the FACULTY OF THE USC GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (CRANIOFACIAL BIOLOGY) May 2011 Copyright 2011 Samuel Lee |
