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NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS PREDICTIVE OF
ADOLESCENT ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
by
Lin Xiao
A Dissertation Presented to the
FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(NEUROSCIENCE)
August 2008
Copyright 2008 Lin Xiao
Object Description
| Title | Neuropsychological mechanisms predictive of adolescent addictive behaviors |
| Author | Xiao, Lin |
| Author email | linda676@hotmail.com |
| Degree | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Document type | Dissertation |
| Degree program | Neuroscience |
| School | College of Letters, Arts and Sciences |
| Date defended/completed | 2008-06-04 |
| Date submitted | 2008 |
| Restricted until | Unrestricted |
| Date published | 2008-07-26 |
| Advisor (committee chair) | Bechara, Antoine |
| Advisor (committee member) |
Johnson, C. Anderson Stacy, W. Alan Lu, Zhong-Lin |
| Abstract | The goal of the current investigation was to address whether neuropsychological functions such as affective decision-making would serve as prospective neuropsychological markers to predict substance use behaviors among adolescents.; We conducted a longitudinal study of 223 Chinese adolescents in Chengdu City, China. When these adolescents were in the 10th grade in May 2006 (Time 1), we tested these adolescents' affective decision-making ability using the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT) and working memory capacity using the Self-ordered Pointing Test (SOPT). Paper and pencil questionnaires were used to assess school academic performance, impulsivity, parental decision-making styles and substance use behaviors. Students were again tested in May of 2007 (Time 2).; Several findings were revealed in this study. First, at baseline (Time 1), poor affective decision-making associated with heavy substance use behaviors such as past 7-day smoking (more than experimental) and binge-drinking. At Time 2, a large proportion of adolescents who performed better on the IGT at Time 1 still did not drink or reduced their drinking level one year later at Time 2. In comparison, a large proportion of those who performed poorly on the IGT at Time 1 stayed at the same level or progressed to a higher level of drinking by Time 2. Second, drinking problems and past 7-day smoking at Time 1 marginally significantly negatively predicted the development of working memory but not affective decision-making one year later. Third, affective decision-making but not working memory significantly improved one year later. Fourth,adolescents with high urgency performed poorly on the A-IGT compared to those with low urgency. Finally, compared to adolescents with only their parents making decisions, the adolescents with other parental decision-making styles were much less likely to engage substance use behaviors at Time 2 and marginally improved the development of affective decision-making from Time 1 to Time 2.; These findings suggest that whereas adolescent substance use might lead to some neural function alterations (such as impaired working memory), other neural characteristics of high-risk youth (such as poor affective decision-making) may predate substance use and may reflect risk factors for, rather than the consequence of, substance use. Interventions targeting affective decision-making and its related psychosocial influences might hold promise for reducing the risks of substance use among adolescents. |
| Keyword | affective decision-making; working memory; adolescent; smoking; drinking |
| Geographic subject (city or populated place) | Chengdu |
| Geographic subject (country) | China |
| Language | English |
| Part of collection | University of Southern California dissertations and theses |
| Publisher (of the original version) | University of Southern California |
| Place of publication (of the original version) | Los Angeles, California |
| Publisher (of the digital version) | University of Southern California. Libraries |
| Type | texts |
| Legacy record ID | usctheses-m1420 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Rights | Xiao, Lin |
| Repository name | Libraries, University of Southern California |
| Repository address | Los Angeles, California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Filename | etd-Xiao-20080726 |
| Archival file | uscthesesreloadpub_Volume40/etd-Xiao-20080726.pdf |
Description
| Title | Page 1 |
| Contributing entity | University of Southern California |
| Repository email | cisadmin@lib.usc.edu |
| Full text | NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS PREDICTIVE OF ADOLESCENT ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS by Lin Xiao A Dissertation Presented to the FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (NEUROSCIENCE) August 2008 Copyright 2008 Lin Xiao |
