Summer
Trojan
Vol. LXVI, Number 10
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California
Friday, July 20, 1973
University Council gets 7-year financial report
*	The follwoing is the text of a message on the financial implications of the next seven years Colin MacLeod, director of financial affairs. gave yesterday at the University Council meeting. This presentation was made earlier in the year by Zohrab Kaprielian. vice president for academic administration and research, to a meeting of the board of trustees.
Recognizing the progress of the past decade, USC is devoted to continuing this momentum. However, academic plans must fit the constraints of available future resources, and there should be general recognition that the coming decade will be a difficult one for higher education in this country.
Nationally, the financial future for higher education continues to be pessimistic. Costs continue to rise faster than revenues. Expenses continue to be forced in an upward spiral by continuing national inflation.
At the same time, income and general support for higher education are slowing. As a result, more and more colleges and univer-siites are being forced to deficit budgets and annual operating losses. This common financial crisis is now being further compounded nationally by pessimistic projections for student enrollments.
To date, USC has operated with balanced annual budgets. This has been accomplished through improvingefficiency and implementing economies wherever practical, by raising tuition rates, and by a concerted effort to produce new income and additional revenues.
The present concern is whether this delicate balance between income and outgo can be sustained. Financial projections and analyses indicate critical fiscal difficulties within the next four years. It is most important that the faculty and university community understand the financial implications of these next few years, and how critically important they may be to our longer-range academic goals and educational aspirations.
The largest single category of expense at USC is “salaries.” Certainly there will be continuing pressure to improve faculty salaries, particularly with the striving for academic excellence. All other costs, those other than faculty salaries, also will continue to feel the impact of national inflation.
Regarding income, the major source continues to be “tuition and fees”—representing 39 per cent of total revenue. With relativley small endowment funds, the endowment and investment income contributes only about 3 per cent of total income.
This means that USC is heavily dependent upon student enrollment and related tuition income. Because of this dependence on tuition income, the national projections for a smaller pool of students is particularly significant for financial planning.
With the announced tuition increase for next September, and by continuing economies and efficiencies, there is optimism that USC can maintain a balanced budget during the fiscal year which just started on July 1.
The real concern is the following three years, and the prospects of deficit operations in fiscal 1975, 1976, and 1977. Beyond 1977, there again is more optimism because of the innovative programs and new developments which will take considerable lead time to produce results. It is the interim years—1975 through 1977—that are of major concern.
MacLeod reviewed several charts which showed the financial impact on fiscal 1975 through 1977 of various assumptions that might be made regarding future trends in inflation, enrollments, tuition rates, and other income.
These figures indicated need to continue improving the budgeting and fiscal control procedures and to effect economies and improve efficiency wherever practical. The
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JOHN HUBBARD AND IGNACIO PICHARDO
Urban problems are probed at new school
USC and the state of Mexico have joined hands to form the USC/State of Mexico Institute for Urban and Regional Development.
The institute will have its headquarters in Toluca, the capitol ofthe state of Mexico, and is designed to assist the state with pressing problems of urbanization.
Carlos Padilla, assistant to Ignacio Pichardo, lieutenant governor of the state, will be the director of the institute.
Wesley Bjur, who recently headed the International Public Administration Center (IPAC), is deputy director of the institute.
As the head of IPAC, Bjur directed some 70 students from 25 nations who were working toward master’s and doctoral degrees here.
Bjur’s special areas of interest in comparative
Latin American governments, development administration, and political philosphy have led him to a career in designing, preparing, and teaching courses in fundamentals of public administration, cooperative and developmental administration, and the process of change in developing societies, all for upper division and graduate students. Bjur has also visited all Latin American republics.
The institute, which is coordinated by the Office of International Programs, has other faculty and administrators working for its success.
Four were members of the USC/State of Mexico joint planning team which assisted in preparations for
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Chicano art in East Los Angeles— no waiting in line, no admission charge
By Patta Steele Editor
It all started with a few names and addresses in East Los Angeles. Kevin Rhoden, coordinator of the program in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese where students are preparing to spend the month of August in Toluca, Mexico, drove
around East L.A. one day and chased down these people so he could find out more about Chicano art.
His search culminated in a trip to East L.A. to see the murals and other art found on walls and sides of buildings that make up Chicano art.
No new assistant VP to be named before fall
Probably no replacement for Daniel Nowak, assistant vice president of student affairs, who will go to California State University. San Diego as dean of students in September, will be announced before this fall, said James Appleton, vice president of student affairs.
"Nothing is being done at the present time to fill this position. I want to have some time to go over the exact definition of this office and
evaluate exactly what its function is,” Appleton said.
“When I have arrived at a suitable definition, then a committee can be appointed to review people for the job. The students, faculty, and staff who make up this committee will work with me in choosing someone appropriate to fill the vacancy.
“But the probability of having someone in that position at the beginning of the fall is not very good.”
The students enrolled in the class that Rhoden is in charge of saw Chicano art that, because it is not yet recognized as a valid art form, is not in any museum in the city.
Rather, it is still on the streets of the barrio, or at best, in loosely formed centers whereChicanoartists congregate.
What most people dismiss as scratchy writing on the sides of buildings is a very important part of Chicano art. Gangs that include a large part of Chicano youth have their names of signs written on walls. This is a very important part of their self-expression both indi-vicually and collectively, tively.
“These groups write their names very artistically and they take a lot of pride in it. If a name is crossed out and another name is written beside it, it means a gang war or maybe a fight between some members of the gang,” said Rhoden.
An important part of the art community in East L.A. is the Mechicana Art Center. It was begun two years ago as a program for Chicano artists. There is a studio there where artists come to work.
Murals predominate the collection of Chicano art. They can be seen at random on many of the streets in the barrio.
At first some of the mural looks like a conglomeration of tiny pictures and words, but close examination reveals the skill and technique that goes into creating the overall design.
The murals are filled with symbolism. One mural depicts two large white arms holding down Chicanos, symbolizing white oppression. A large balance is tipped toward the side ofthe whites, a further symbol of oppression.
There are murals on the Casa de Esperanza. a gang meeting place in East L.A. which was once a church. It
was acquired to help organize gangs into doing useful things, and channel their energies to activities other than violent ones.
The murals at the Casa de Esperanza, as well as other murals throughout the barrio, depict a wealth of stories about life of Mexicans, Chicanos, and of the Indian culture that flourished long ago in Mexico.
Religion, always a pervasive influence in the history of Spanish-speaking people, occurs quite frequently in mural art. The Virgin of Guadalupe figures prominently in Chicano art.
And there are more relevant things to young Chicanos in these murals like police holding a kid by the neck and other images that follow the symbolism of oppression of any kind to barrio youths.
One mural in East L.A. is dedicated to mothers who have lost their sons in gang wars. The women are weep-
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