History of Railroads Related
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
SUMMER NEWS
15
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA Wednesday, August 11, 1954
our SC Shows Set or TV This Week
Four SC-participated television "ograms will hit the airways is week topped by Chancellor fus B. von KleinSmid's “Tele-rum" and Dr. Frank C. Bax-r’s “Now and Then.”
Dr. Von KleinSmid and a panel several “experts” will discuss rean President Syngman ee’s recent warning “Stop the ssians” on his channel 5 show nday evening at 10:15.
Just who will appear with the ancellor has not been an-unced.
r. Baxter, who arrived home 'terday after a 10-day stay in hospital following an emer-cy operation, will continue his tionally TV’d 6:30 p.m. (chan-2) show with a sketch of
RA Plans rip to Bowl ops Concert
ampus music lovers are in a treat Saturday night. The ond trip of the post-session 1 take an SC group to the ny Martin-Johnny Green Pops oert at Hollywood Bowl, ifty reserved seats have been aside by URA director Bob wney at $1.50 each. Cost in-des parking reservations, inner may be eaten at a ench sidewalk cafe right next the Bowl.
hose who make the trip will treated to popular and musi-comedy selections sung by rtin. Orchestra is directed by ?en, musical director at MGM. nervations for the trip may | made by contacting Downey j 112 P.E. building or at Rich- ( nd 2J11, extension 260, before i orrow noon.
English Naturalist and diarist John Evelyn.
Best Sketches “Diary,” written by Evelyn, is one of the best sketches available on the political cacophony that existed in the England during the 17th century.
Baxter fans will be treated to the intriguing story of the Stuarts who were pushed out by Cromwell and the Puritan regime who in turn were replaced by the riotous Restoration period headed by Chavles II.
The period to be dramatized by “the bard of television” was the last major transitional period in English history before Victoria and the modern English era.
Full Review Baxter, meanwhile, is still receiving plaudits from all over the United States. The New York Times (Aug. 8) gave his first network program a full column review on the TV page.
The Times called Baxter, "TV’s first intellectual glamour boy” with a “soft shoe approach to education.”
A woman wrote Dr. Baxter a card saying “you are the greatest thing since sliced bread.”
SC’s third television show of the week will spotlight Dr. Ronald Brown, head of the chemistry department, who will demonstrate crystallization in organic chemistry on “Halls of Science” over channel 4 Saturday at 4 p.m.
Dr. Brown will show how impurities are squeezed out of chemicals by the formation of crystals which can then be dissolved.
Jess Hill, Trojan football coach, will acquaint fans with the punting game and punt returns on his second weekly program tomorrow at 6:45 p.m. over channel 13.
CHAPLAIN NEYMAN
. . . Leads1 services
SC Chaplain To Lead Noon Chapel Rites
Clinton A. Neyman, university chaplain, yesterday released the program for the noon chapel services today and tomorrow. The chaplain will conduct both services.
Music for today’s service will be a Columbia Masterworks recording of toccata and fugue in D minor and Concerto in D minor after Vivaldi, both by Bach. The artist will be E. Power Biggs on the Boston Symphony Hall organ.
There will.be reading and meditation on Luke 15.
Music for tomorrow will be two more Bach fugues from the same recording. They will be fugue in C major (“Fanfare”), and fugue in G minor (“Little”).
Reading tomorrow will be Luke 16.
Holy Communion will be performed tomorrow with the chaplain as Celebrant.
Both services will begin at 12:15 and will last a half hour.
SC Activities Advisor Relates Thrill of Seeing Miracle Mile
hen it comes to sports Harry Ison, student activities advi-is well-traveled.
"o, rather than teleview Saturn’s ‘‘Miracle Mile” between iton Roger Bannister and Aus-lian John Landy, Harry jped a plane and headed for ncouver, British Columbia, ere the annual British Empire Ties were held.
And, according to Nelson, the ip was well worthwhile be-use probably the greatest ile race in history was run iturday.
‘There was near bedlam from 'inning to end of the big race,” Ison said. "People were sitting the edge of their seats expect-something great — and they it.
kfter the race the fans went 1. The announcer could only
3	out. He had to announce complete time (3.58.8) after noise had died down.” arry was not the only repre-ativc of SC at tho race. H. D. reau, athletic publicity direc-covered the event for AP.
HARRY NELSON
. . . First-hand observer
Nelson attended the games with*Bob Waldo, IFC coordinator tlie past year.
Most memorable event of the
Empire games besides the “Miracle Mile” was the 26-mile marathon run, according to Nelson.
“James Peters, a star in tho 1948 and 1952 Olympics, came running into the stadium with only about 200 yards to go before he would be declared winner of the 26 mile, 385-yard race.
“He fell and raised himself about 12 times within 180 yards in an attempt to cross the finish line. Finally he just collapsed.
“You had a helpless feeling with so many people in the stadium and no one able to help him. The eventual winner of the race came in 27 minutes later.”
Big difference between the Empire Games and American track meets was the ceremony connected with the former, Nelson said.
"There were 24 countries represented at the meet Saturday— a sort of small Olympics — so there was the usual ceremony (honor guards and Scottish marchers with their kilts and red coats).
Story of Growth and Problems of Industry Told by Professor
The history of American railroads, their virtues and vices, and their influence on the country was told yesterday at noon by Dr. WiiLiam Greever, associate professor of History at the University of Idaho, at the weekly general assembly in Hancock Auditorium.
He stressed the pioneer influ-
ence of railroads in many ways.
For example, the rapid sale of land grants played a large part in settling the West. He said that railroads wanted the settlers to build up traffic, so the land was reasonable, and agreements were reasonable. The railroads at one time owned nine and a half per ccnt of the total land area in the United States.
But this rapid settling of the West created an overproduction of farm products, thereby keeping many of the farmers in financial 6traits.
He also credited railroads and the invention of refrigerator cars for the meat packing, fruit, and truck farm industries.
"The refrigerator car was responsible for the development of such great meat packing centers as Chicago," Dr. Greever said.
Bad. Rates
The railroads were also the first big industry, consequently, the first industry to be regulated. There was a great deal of strife caused by regulation and discrimination of hauling rates.
"Rates caused some communities to boom and others to wither,” he said. The roads discriminated in rates in order to build traffic he explained. It got so bad that railroads were finally regulated.
"They had to be regulated because they did not realize their responsibility,” he said. So the roads were first regulated by the states in 1887. However, regulation did not become really effective until 1906 when the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission was greatly extended. It was at this time that the roads made their all-out drive to escape regulation and lost, Dr. Greever explained.
War Roles
"They brought it on themselves by their own malpractices,” he 6aid.
He also explained the role of railroads in the Civil War and both world wars. He said one of the big reasons for the outcome of the Civil war was that the railways of the North were well-operated and aided the war effort, whereas Southern railways broke down completely and Confederate soldiers starved at the front even though the South was the agricultural area.
In World War I, he explained, the rail system broke down so badly that the federal government was forced	to take	them
over and operate	them	as a	sin-
gle unit.
No Control
The railways were more	prepared to handle the huge	war
traffic in World	War II,	one
reason being, he	said,	that	the
companies were afraid that wartime government control would mean permanent government control.
Dr. Greever began his speech by bringing out some historical highlights of the industry.	The
first American railroad was the Baltimore and Ohio, built in 1830. The first big problem of	this
road was what to use for motive power. They first discarded both horses and sails as being impractical, and settled on a treadmill apparatus operated by a horse. This contraption was laughed off the rails and the steam engine came into use.
Growing Pains
He gave several reasons for the growth of railroads in the east. One reason was the desire to open up land-locked areas— areas that could not be reached
by the then popular canals. Another reason was the desire to get trade from the west. Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Boston particularly wanted to get on a trading level with New York.
In the West, problems were different. Building went on in advance of traffic. The problems of slavery greatly affected the construction of the roads so that most of the buildirig was not done until the Civil War and after •
He said that one of the big questions in early railroading was whether the engineer or the conductor was the real master of the train.
Who’s Boss?
‘‘The argument £rew so hot that an engineer and a conductor got into a fight; the conductor won, thereby establishing conductors as masters of the trains,” Dr. Greever said.
He also told how the financial shennanigans of railroads affected the economic 6tatus of the nation.
“The railroads attracted many investors. Railroads were the most popular investments of the period although they were often bad investments,” V said. The resulting speculation and losses were a contributing factor to the recessions of 1852, 1873,	1893,
and 1907.
Pioneer Problems
He showed that railroads were the first American industry to grow big and therefore their solutions to problems of a big industry were later adopted as remedies to other growing organizations.
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was invoked against the roads in the 1890s for forming a combination in restraint of trade. The railroads found the answer in merging—and so established the industrial pattern of corporations.
‘‘Railroads were the first industry to adopt safety rules,” he said. “At first they urged employees to be safe but were reluctant to purchase safety devices. First the states then the federal government passed safety laws so, voluntarily or involuntarily, the railroads became safety conscious.”
In closing he said, "Railroads are not as important now as they were in 1900, but they shall continue to play a vital and important role in the American economy.”
TV Trip To Paris Slated On KTHE
A trip to Paris (via TV) will be featured on KTHE (SC channel 28) tonight at 6:30.
Mayer Franklin of Wilson high school, Long Beach, will recommend points of interest of the fabulous European city.
Viewers will be taught how to ask directions in simple French sentences.
Official
Notice
Los Angeles city school teachers wishing early grade reports sent to the Los Angeles city board of education on Aug. 30,	1954 report to the
office of the registrar not later titan Aug. 16, in order to fill out grade requests and U-V forms.
D. W. Evans assistant registrar