CHRISTOL GIVES OPINIONS ON PEACE
(Editor’s note. This is the second of two articles written for the Daily Trojan in conjunction with ISCs “Progress Through. Peace” week, Today’s article is entitled “The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace" and is written by Dr. < arl Q. Christo!, head of the political science department.)
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By Or. CARL 0. CHRISTOL Director. Department of Political Science
The Carnegie Endowment standi foremost among American organizations in it? interest in international law and organization.
founded in 1910 it became the first well-endowed American institution seeking the speedy abolition of international wrar. Endowed by Andrew Carnegie nine years before his death in 1919 with the sum of $10 million it became one of a number of important trusts established in America and in the United Kingdom.
Andrew Carnegie’s interest in a bright and better world was matched only by his social attitude respecting his immense fortune
His view was expressed by him as follows. This
then, is held to be the duty of the man of w>ealth: to set an examplp of modest, unostentations living, shunning display or extravagence; to provide moderately for the wants of those dependent upon him; and, alter doing so, to consider ail surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer . . . the man of wealth this becoming the mere trustee and agent for his poorer brethren.'1
It was in this spirit that he endowed the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh the Carnegie Institute of Washington, the Carnegie Hero Fund Commission, the the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Tteaching, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and the famous Temple of Peace or Peace Palace at The Hagu in Holland.
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace has been interested in the advancement of kncu-iedge in three areas: education, economics and history and international law.
Funds were employed to prepare a 150-volume study on the “Economic and Social History of World
PAGE THREE ‘No Bolanced’ Diet Upsets Menu
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War I.” A 44-volume study of the history of Canadian-American relations was completed in 1940.
In the area of international law and organization, the endowment subsidized for many years Thp Hague Academy of International Law. the Institute de Droit International and the publication of a multi-volumed work entitled ' Classics of International Law.”
This included English translations of works of such authors as Grotius, who has often been referred to as the founder of international law. Wolff. Vattel, Bynkershoek, and others. Other beneficiaries of the generosity of the endowment have been many legal societies and legal publications, including the American Society of International Law and the American Journal of International Law.
For many years the endowment sponsored scholarships and fellowships for graduate students in international law and relations and also conducted special institutes for professional teachers and practitioners in this field.
One notable instance of the upgrading of the profession was the annual summer session oji the teaching of international law conducted prior to World War
California
II	at the University of Michigan School of Law.
Following World War II. the endowment terminated its Division of International Law and has shown little interest in providing grants for studies in international law during the past 10 years. During this period other great American charitable and educational trusts, such as the Rockefeller Foundations and the Ford Foundation, have become great benefactors for such projects and studies.
At the present time, the endowment is seeking means for becoming more active in the field of international law. and there is every reason to believe that its active support for the development of an effective world rule of law is not far off.
One of the most effective areas of the endowment has been in the field of publications. It has devoted large sums to research and education in order to advance in a practical way the paths of peace. Thus, the endowment publishes five times a year a digest entitled "International Conciliation.” which is of great use not only to students and faculty but also to the general public.
(Continued to Page Two»
TROJAN
PAGE FOUR
AAWU Swimmers To Vie; Track.Squad Travels
VOL. Ill
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, THURSDAY, MARCH 9, 1961
No 87
Trojans Jam Abolition Showing
AMERICAS MIXED IMAGE
U.S. Must Re-Evaluate Ties With Latins, Faculty Hears
By RATHV REHO
If we begin to consider the needs and feelings of the people of South America, we will not ha\e to worry about the possibility of them entering the Communist camp, a representative of the International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union said yesterday at USC.
Mrs. Aileen Hernandez, education and public relations director for the Pacific Coast division of the union and former emissary to South America, told
•	faculty luncheon that we need a new approach to South America.
"W* must begin to feel empathy with the people of Latin America and to consider their feelings and needs,'' Mrs. Hernandez told the faculty members. She added that we can no longer afford to continue the type of economic investment we have formerly practiced in South America.
"Our businessmen, most of whom are beginning to practice a new approach, must begin io consider what will be good for the people, not only what is prof it ably good for themselves."
Mrs. Hernanrie7. who served as an emissarv to interview |a
Bright Brains Learn In Tip-Top Program
Plato and Socrates instructed the young people of ancient Greece in the Academy of Athens. developing in each student
*	deep interest and appreciation of knowledge and encouraging their pupils in independent thinking. Today, a s-imilar method has been created by USC. emphasizing same ¡rleals of excellence
■	nd independent study.
A new honors program in lei -tors, arts and sciences at USC. th# only one of its kind in :he Southland, gives exceptional! v bright, talented students opportunities for « greater depth of learning and the privilege of completing their college education in three years instead of four.
Enrollment to l><mhlr
The USC honors program, «tailed bv Dr. Tracy F.. Strevey. I ’SC s 'ice president for academ ir affairs, with the endorsemon-of President Norman Topping, has 120 freshmen and 15 .juniors
■	r»d senior« participating. This
Cancer Test Hopes Fade
Development of a single test for the detection of cancer is too much to hope for in the near future, a noted research scientist said in a lecture at the USC School of Medicine this week.
"It is now widely recognized that cancer ic noi a single disease. hut a group of diversified rt:«c«ses hav ng certain things in common." »a'ri Dr. W. Ray ^ryan. heart of the virus tumor «ection at the National Institute of Health in Bathesda. Md.
Animal Vim«
Dr. Bryan >aid that the discovery of many new tumor viruses in small animals in the last few years suggests that viruses may be involved in human cancer.
Assuming that seveial such viruses can be isolated. pieven-tion of the cancers they cause may ti«> possible wbeie the virus o-jn ho eliminated. Prevention will hr impossible, however, where the v-¡mis i= inherited as 8 parwsjtir gene. hr ssid.
number is expected to be doubled next fall.
"Only those students who find normal classwork undemanding and unchallenging are encouraged to participate in this unique program." explained Dr. Jay M. Savage, honors coordinator and associate professor of biology.
"More than 30 per cent of a professor’s time is spent in counselling the average and ha | low-average student,” sairl the USC professor. "We would like No devoie equal time to the above average and gifted students, making their college careers a broader and deeper ex perience.”
To Tap the Top
Dr. Savage stressed that USC's special program, put into operation last fall, is aimed to tap the lop potential brain power in the community.
Like the gi'eat philosophers in ancient Cjeece. USC has created an atmosphere of mutual learning, participation in courses reaching far beyond the usual limits of undergraduate inquiry and an opportunity for accelerated study and superior teaching.
"We believe these are still the best ways to stimualte the intellectually gifted young men and women." noted Dr. Savage.
Students entering USC from high school m a v establish ad-vanced university standing by special tests. Another phase of the program permits individual; with superior grades based >n examinations to receive up to 3ft units of course credits in as tronomy. bacteriology, hiologv, chemistry. Knglish. foreign languages. general studio;, geology, mathematics and physics
U N. Names Local Chief
Dr. Carl Q. Christol, professor of international law'_and chairman of the political science department, was recently elected pt£' ien: of the United Nations As~ociat on of Los Angeles.
D-. CTu <tol will hold office for the 1961-1062 term and will ! direct ihc activities of an or-ganr-^ti, n numbering mer 1 .."SOft members.
| bor and industrial leaders in ! South America, told the instruc-j tors that the people of Lai in America want our economic knowledge, technical assistance, adult help and consideration. They do not want to be treated as children or inferiors, she ari-' ded.
Definitely Commit ted
The union representative said that most South American nations are "definitely committed to democracy." She continued that most of the countries are friends of the United States and , want to b^ able to support us on the international scene.
Leaders of democratic South American nations want to be able to point us out to their peo-; pie as a good example. Mrs. Hernandez said. "However, some of our actions make it impossible i for them to do this and, thus, this provides issues for the Communists. Among these issues . are Little Rock and the recent ¡New' Orleans integration prob-i lems."
They want us to improve our actions and our country and to discontinue our double talk. ' she added.
Socialism May !«*> Worthwhile
The people of Latin America envy our economic progress but not our cultural life, she told the instructors. They' believe that we spend too much tim» fortifying our economic position and not enough time raising our cultural standards.
"One of our great difficulties in getting along with the people of South America or any nation is our tendency to equate socialism with communism,-’ the union representative said. "Many of the leaders in Latin America consider socialism an intellectual philosophy and a worthwhile economic doctrine, not a threat."
Teacher Raps English Usage In Business
The average businessman was charged in » recent article by a USC professor with being 50 years behind the times because of his inability to write clearly.
Writing in the Industrial News, Henry Francis, a USC lecturer in English, claimed that good writing is easy, requiring only clear thinking and the use of the simplest language that will communicate to the reader.
The businessman should consider what he has to say and then evaluate whether or not it will set the job done, instead of trying to sound important as his position. Francis maintained, j "When a vvriter can set down exactly what his main point is I in simple, straightforward language, then he is ready to think about writing. He needs only to list ‘these are the reasons why,' " the English instructor explained.
If the business administrator dictates five average letters a day his total words will be twice as many as the professional writer who eats or starves, depending on his ability to communicate, Francis said.
“When a language stops changing, it is like l^atin — a dead language.” he added.
The language of business is changing .just as the spoken language is changing. If the business vvriter does not move with the stream he will stagnate and his efforts at writing will be wasted, Francis claimed.
The English instructor felt that, in order to succeed in the highly competitive, empire-building. industrial world, a businessman must learn to state wrhat he thinks and why.
Francis is conducting a special course for industrial communications in the English department.
^ Job Well Done
An extraordinary thing happened last night, one of those rare, wonderful events which make vou ci,»d In be a university student.
The film. “Operation Abolition.’ was shown to an overflow’ crowd of students who viewed it and then discussed it intelligently and pointedly with a panel of four professors.
The professors—Dr. Orrin B. Evans, associate dean of the School of Law; Dr. Edward C. McDonagh, professor of sociology; Dr. Richard D. Mac Cann; assistant professor of cinema; and Dr. Henry Reining, Jr., dean of the School of Public Administration—traded comments with the student-faculty audience for more than two hours, a session which resulted in a spontaneous discussion of both sides of the issue
Whereas riots and crude demonstrations have resulted at other university campuses, USC’s two-hour film discussion was a mature and wholly educational program which answered many questions, brought I he facts out into the open and informed both student and professor as (o the merits and defects of the film.
We congratulate both Ihe university administration and faculty for providing a place and leadership fop open discussion of Ihe film; the student body for handling themselves in such a fine and dignified manner; and the Peace Week Committee chaired by Bob Sangster for creating the entire program.
USC students might not have made headlines last night, but they proved that a university is a place for determining fact, not concealing it.
Hopefuls May Petition For Minor Positions
The ASSC executive cabinet has announced that petitioning for minor offices w'here no candidates are running will be reopened.
Petitions are available in 301 a SU until 5 p.m. tomorrow.
Petitions are open for offices of president and vice-president Ln physical education, public ad-| ministration, physical sciences, j music and humanities. Vice-pres-! idential positions in international relations and biological sciences are also open.
All campaign materials must be approved by 4 p.m. Tuesday, j Materials mav he checked in
301 a SI I from 2-4 p.m. today, Monday and Tuesday.
All campaigning except the hanging of posters may begin on Monday. Posters may he hung on or after Wednesday.
A candidates' meeting, not mandatory, will be held tomorrow in 318 SU at 3 p.m. to distribute budget forms and answer last minute questions.
Approved campaign "gimmicks.” explanat ions of who composes the Board of Inquiry and how' it works, the rights of each candidate and a re-dcfinition of j the election code will be given ! during the meeting.
Brazil Looks for Economic Freedom
(Editor's note:	This	i<*	the
third in a series of articles on Latin American politics by Penny Lernoux. Today she discusses Brazil and its new president.)
R.v PENNY LERNOI X Daily Trojan City Editor Brazil, often called ihe United States of Latin America, will probably soon break some of the apron strings binding it to its namesake if its new president ha< anything to say about it.
President .lanio Quadros, who is one year older than President Kennedy and who was also inaugurated in .January to ^olve an economical national cii>is. is what we would call a "smart cookie" in Americane.se. A politician's politician, he came up from the ranks with the backing of the National Democratic Union (UDNL
Political Perception A sample of his political perception was his trip to London for a minor eye operation just before the inauguration. Of j course, his excuse for leaving the country was legitimate.
But then one must a)<o confide- the fact thai. by doing so. ho avoided having to comment on former President Juscelino ,
Kubitschek's policies while still in office and he also was able to hold off on political appointments until his inauguration, thereby stifling speculation.
Further, he used his trip abroad to talk to European heads and feel out possible political deals for the future.
Wheeling; and Dealing
Perhaps this political wheeling and dealing is why his international outlook seems disquieting to many Americans. Rut anyone who knows Quadros' and his country's background vvilJ understand his current attempt to be a neutral straddler of political fences.
The truth of the matter is that Brazil, although the largest Latin American country (It is even larger than the U.S.), is in a state of dangerous inflation, still highly underdeveloped and currently facing a. national crisis. And Quadros seems to think that neutrality is the best answer to these problems.
Neutrality for Quadros means continued recognition of Castro, voting in favor of debate on the admission of Red China to the UN and re-establishing diplo-
matic relations with Communist countries.
Eliminate Dollar Dependence
All of this underscores hope to do some financial dealing j with the world’s Communist j countries and. thereby, eliminate | some of Brazil's dependence on J the dollar.
But, as one Brazilian pointed out, this doesn't mean that Quadros is pro-communist.
Professor Helcio B. Soares, head of the harmony and morphology department at the University of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro has an active interest in Brazilian politics. Visiting the campus this week, he noted that Brazil only wants to become more economically independent, i somew+iat like the neutral posi-: tion of India.
I “However. Quadros himself is i anti-communist. Besides, even if we do accept financial aid from the Communists, Brazil is not ! ! that economically bad off that she might be threatened with a i government take-over by the Communists,” he said.
Gripes Against I .S.
The Brazilian added tha his country had certain cause to he ( linhapp' with the U.S. "Brazil, l
not Argentina or some of the other Latin American countries, was one of the first to enter World War II on the side of the U.S.
“After the war. Argentina was on a sound economic basis for a while because she fiad not exhausted her economy in the war and was selling out to both the U.S. and Russia.
"Brazil, which refused to desert the U.S.. expected some kind of economic aid from its ally. Instead, the U.S. concentrated its loans on pjtrope and even on those countries which had been her bitterest enemies during the war
“Today, we feel that Brazil, in oider to be economically independent. must look for aid to other countries besides the U.S.,” he said.
Difficult Position
In addition, Brazil's international position has often been difficult due to its close ties with the U.S., the professor pointed out.
“For instance, when the issue of Algeria was brought up in the UN. the U.S was absent and Brazil had to voi<^ a ga in -1 de-(Continued to Pag«* Tm n I
Overflow Crowd,
0	r
Faculty Panelists Probe Riot Film
By HAL DRAKE
Assistant City Editor
A four-man faculty panel tried to define liberty last night with an overflow audience of 350 students who came to see the controversial film, 'Operation Abolition,” in Founders Hall.
More than 500 students were turned away at the doors and sent to repost showings of the film at the Newman Club, which was forced-to screen the film twice for capacity crowd.?.
The film, sponsored hv the Peace Week committee, depicts the student reaction to the hearing? held by th* House Committee on Un-American Activities in San Francisco last year.
Professor Orrin B. Evans, associate dean of the School of Law, presided over the faculty panel, which was composed of Dr. Richard D. MacCann, assistant professor of cinema; Dr Edward C. McDonagh, professor of sociology; and Dr. Henry Reining Jr., dean of the School of Public Administration.
The overflow audience watched the film with the professors, listened to their individual comments and then asked questions from the floor.
The orderly session a strong contrast to the riot." which greeted the film at Stanford, University nf California and the University of Washington—lasted for more than two hours, as both professors and students discussed the implications and ramifications of the controversial film.
Dr. MacCann, a propaganda-documentary film expert, began the faculty criticism with a cinematic description of the film.
He called it “sloppy and full of flubs,” but added that it was a better film than I was led to believe.”
After an analysis of the film. Dr MacCann added that, he wanted to go on record as saying that he was not in favor nf the Committee’s methods, and certainly "mt in favor-of communism.”
A sociological analysts nf the film was presented by Dr McDonagh. who desrribed the events shown ln the film as “a classic example" of mass demonstration.
’One thing in common with extremists on both the right and left wings is the intensity of their feelings, such as displayed in this film.” he explained.
“We must recognize that this is not an issue of free speech involved here, but one of decorum.” he added. "If there was one point demonstrated by the film, it was that you don’t get anyw'here with riotous behavior.”
Dr. Reining probably summed up the opinion of the entire panel with an expression of fear that overzealous security checks on communism may lead to the sacrifice of liberty by us all.
"I don't think it was the prerogative of the Committee In produce this propaganda organ, since it i- the sole duty of an investigative committee to look into possible area-; of new legislation, not tn act as a judicial board.” ho declared.
He added, however, that the film should not be regarded as an indictment of the investigative powers of Congress. Without these powers, he said, the entire process of government would change.
“But whether we must tolerate mishandling of these investigative powers is another question.” he claimed “The only w-ay to prevent these exposes is to defeat the men handling these committees at the polls.”
In tomorrow's Daily Troian, an article will present a full summary cf the opinions voiced dtirin-’ the evening discussion.	^