Iditorlal Offic«i
RI-4111 Sta. 227
Night-PR. 4776
SOUTHERN
DAILY
CALIFORtHI'A
TROJAN
United Prest
World Wide News Service Z-42
Volume XXIX
Los Angeles, California, Tuesday, April 26, 1938
Number 123
Animals Topic of Lecturer
Dr. Ralph J. Shaw Will Review Zoological Behavior Tomorrow
“Experimental Methods in the tnalysis of Animal Associations"
'ill be the topic of Dr. Ralph J.
Shaw's Wednesday lecture tomorrow fternoon at 4:30 o'clock in 159 eience. Sponsored by the College , f Letters. Arts, and Sciences, the cture is being given in coopera- { on with the Faculty Science club nd the Sigma Xi groups.
‘Groups of animals are likely to »ve a different functional behavior lan so’itary animals.” explains Dr. I r»aw. His talk m-ill deal with the rious methods used in the past observ ing and reporting the be-ivior of animals, with the import -ice of the findings and deductions suiting from this observation, and th the experiments being carried i to develop new techniques in is field.
jAlthough emphasis will not be laid Don man. Dr. Shaw will show how ie discoveries which have been ade as a result of experiments in
Mmal associations are in many i scripts in the freshman essay con-
Wage-Hour Bill Hearing Set For Thursday
WASHINGTON. April 25—(L'.P* —Irked by charges that he is ••stalling." Chairman John J. O'Connor, D.. New York, of the house rules committee, today set Thursday for the opening of hearings on the explosive wage-hour blil. target of attacks from southern Democrats and many Republicans.
O'Connor refused to predict whether his committee, which bot-tld up the original wage-hour bill, would give the new measure a favorable report, but he said “it will pass if it ever gets to the floor.”
Meantime, labor's non-partisan league, political arm of the Committee for Industrial Organization, announced it is campaigning actively in behalf of the new bill, which would establish a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour and a maximum work week of 40 hours after three years.
Essay Date Extended
Phi Ela Sigma To Continue Contes!
Two Weeks
The deadline for entering manu-
Deasy
Wins
Prize
I
Sophomore Garners Second Place in Religion Contest
Neil Deasy, me.-noer of the Univerity Religious conferencc board and president of last year's freshman class, last night was awarded second
Student President Defends Pollok s Work Against Attack
, (A Letter to lhe Editor)
(Editor's Sole: Tha letter is printed in' response to Crauford’s letter which appeared yesterday.)
Dear Mr. Crawford:
Inasmuch as I am in full accord with the plan.that was criticized bj^you in yesterday’s Daily Trojan, I would like to take this opportunity to present to you as well as the student body a few facts and the truth behind the criticisms leveled at Mr. Pollok yesterday. *
May I say at tnis time that the work of Mr. Pollok has not failed.
His report goes before Dr. Wann
prize in the recent University Reli- again this week and then before gious conference essay contest.	the faculty organizations committee.
If the report is accepted and some of the organizations are shown to
Judged one of the two best manuscripts submitted by students from U. S. C„ U. C. L. A., and L. A. J. C., Deasy’s entrant received $15 for its merits. The other winner, Barbara Hirshfield of U.C.L.A. won $35 for her essay. Both papers were written on the subject. ‘'How Can We Safeguard Religious Freedom in America?”
be conflicting with one another in their aims and purposes, then only common sense tells us that the faculty committee will have to cut down. Mr. Pollok's report, then, was
| another report that was set forth ; in the editorial column last week by a certain Mr. B.H.C. He stated that I would never rewrite the constitution. and furthermore, I have now selected a committee to do the same. My intention is as it was originally planned—I do not intend to rewrite the constitution. I asked j Mr. Atkinson. Mr. Pappas, and Mr. Rothschild to help me in changing certain parts of the ASUSC constitution. especially those sections per-
Britain Sends Warning .
To Soviets
MOSCOW. April 25 — <U.» — Great Britain today warned Soviet Russia against acts “detrimental” to Anglo-Russian relations in a protest over the secret arrests of British subjects on espionage charges.
The protest, presented to Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinoff by British Ambassador Viscount Chilston, particularly concerned the arrest of Rose Cohen, a former British Communist, under circumstances similar to the “Robinson” case involving an American woman Ruth Marie Rubens.
Like Mrs. Rubens, the British woman was held in prison for some time before Russian authorities admitted her arrest.
Peace Forum Is Today
Pacifist Members To Lead Discussions On Collective Security, Collective Sacrifice, and Neutrality,* To Make Rejoinders
1 Three phases of peace activity, collective security, collective sacrifice, and isolation, will be presented today during the assembly hour in an all-university peace assembly in Bovard auditorium.
The gathering, which will be in the form of a panel dis-
--fccussion. will be presided over by
Dr. Rufus B. von KleinSmid. Dr.
Wampus Out,
Editor Leaves
just an advance report to the sen- taini to the election procedure ate and not a final one.
I hope that the student body now sees some of the difficulties that confronted Mr. Pollok. and I hops that I have shown that there are two sides to every question.
would like to answer
It is not my intention to rewrite the constitution but only to amend those parts that were found during this past year to be of no use either to the institution or to the student body.
Gardiner T. Pollich
Music Shows For Moscow? Contrast
Stravinsky Ballet, Beethoven Concerto To Be Presented
ses applicable to human problems id how the study of these groups |ten yields information which oves of economic and scientific terest to man.
'Dr. Shaw will offer the most im-prtant details of the work done by [ientists in the field of animal |x>ups and will also reveal some of ie data which he has gathered |om his own four-year study and search.
Dr. Shaw, an instructor of zool-ry in. the College of Letters. Arts, nd Sciences, mas graduated from Le Southeastern Teachers college. Iklahoma. with the B.S. degree in h« He has continued his study at he University of Southern Califor-[a. receiving his M.S. degree here 1931 and his PhD. last year.
)r. Beveridge *o Address .anguage Club
|Celebrating the 2000th anniversary the rule of the Romen emperor Lgustus, the Classical Language Lb will present Dr James I. Bev-[ldge as speaker at the club's year-banquet at. Elisabeth von Klein-nid hall tomorrow. Wednesday. >ril 27. at 6 p.m His topic will •Recent Discoveries in Rome.”
Dr. 3everidge. wh„ holds the Gold pdal of Merit of Italy "for his 'fusion of Italian art and culture road.'* is head of the history de-tament of the California prepar-Iry school at Covma. He is wide-known for his lectures before eoi-|e groups and adult clubs and |ums on Italian art and archcol-Dr. Beveridge has made 15 bs abroad and was elected preset of the Southwest Archeologi-federation last month.
Sickets for 55 cents may be pursed at the Latin office before 11 26. Professor Brown of the in department said.
test being sponsored by Phi Eta i Sigma, freshman men's honorary society, has been extended two weeks to May 2 because of lack of response. Wayne Reeves, president, announced yesterday.
The five students entering the best manuscripts will each receive a dictionary with his or her name stamped in gold on the front cover. Articles will be judged by Dr. Carl Sumner Knopf, dean of the School of Religion; Dr. John D. Cooke, head of the English department; and Dr. Martin H. Neumeyer. associate professor of sociology.
Contestants must adhere to the following rules in order to be eligible for a prize. Reeves says;
1. Students must be officially enrolled in the freshman class of U.S. C. to compete in the contest.
2 An article, the title of which is to be of the student s own choice, shall be written on the subject;
‘ Suggested Plans to Improve This Troubled World.” The article may deal with a personal, community, or national problem and is not to exceed 1500 words.
BAXTER ON COMMITTEE
! The committee of judges was composed of seven educational and re-| ligious leaders, of w^ich Dr. Frank Further, I Baxter was the only University of Southern California representative, while Dr. Earl Miller, dean of men at the Westwood institution, headed the group.
Conducted for the purpose of learning student opinions on the problem of religious freedom in the j United States, the winning essays j will be used in connection with the various brotherhood programs throughout the nation.
TO BECOME ANNUAL PROGRAM
In view of the public interest j The Schooi of social Work alumni, ’	.	happy surrounding,
which was generated by the contest, j BSSOCi&tiant a kindred group of the jtheme ls carned out m the general i Religious conference officials plan Caijf0rnja conference of Social j sessions; round tables on social case
Social Work Alumni To Meet at Banquet
Reservations for the social work alumni dinner this evening at the Pasadena'athletic club may be made until noon today at the office of the School of Social Work, 204 Administration, or at the registration desk of the California Conference of Social Work at the Pasadena Civic auditorium.
for
du
to make the competition a part of their annual program.
Beethoven’s Concerto in D Violin and Stravinsky's "Sacre Printemps” are the two numbers to be played on tomorrow's Listening Hour at 2:30 p.m. in Bovard auditorium.
In a description of the concerto, Donald Francis Tovey said, "Beethoven's violin concerto is gigantic, one of the most spacious concertos ever written. All its most famous strokes of genius are not only mysteriously quiet, but mysterious in radiently The whole
scheme is serene.”
This concerto was written in 1806 Work, which is conducting its 1938 work, social group work, community during the most fruitful period of
sessions now at the civic auditorium,
The first prize winner. Barbara formally convenes once during the Hirshfield, attended U.S.C. during conference for a reunion dinner and her freshman year as a major in an evening of entertaiment. journalism. She then transferred to |
U.C.L.A. where she has been active in work on the Daily Bruin and was
Attendance for the evening will 1
I recently made a desk-editor for that paper.
U.S.C. Assistant Receives Award
Miss Therese Davenport, an assistant in the French department, has been awarded a study scholarship to the Ecole Normal Superior de Sevres for a year ending in July, 1939.
The college prepares teachers for positions in the French secondary schools. Entrance is usually deter-
be restricted to students, graduates, and faculty of the U.S.C. School of Social Work. Alumni who hold pro-: fessional positions throughout the state will be introduced at the din-I ner by Dr. Emory S. Bogardus, dean ; of the school.
A group of alumni will present a skit, "A Priori et a Posteriori.” as the main dramatic production of the evening's entertainment. The skit depicts the transition of a person from a student of sociology and social work to a novice in the profession. then to a seasoned social worker. Harry White, president of the social work alumni association, is in charge of the U.S.C. reunion.
3 Papers should be typewritten or mined by the results of competitive Other members of the executive
organization, and social action, and meetings of special groups affiliated with the conference.
Dr. Bogardus is the discussion chairman and coordinator of a social group work panel discussing “Evaluation of Formal Training for Professional Group Workers” this morning. At the same time, a U.S. C. graduate student, Rabbi Jehudah M. Cohen, executive director of the Jewish Centers association, will lead another group work panel determining the “Evaluation of Group Work Interpretation.”
The dinner this evening will begin at 6 o'clock at the Pasadena athletic club, 425 East Green street, Pasadena. Reservations for the dinner may be made for $1.29.
Beethoven’s life. He had begun his Fifth symphony and his opera “Fi-delic.” and his Fifth piano concerto had just been played.
‘ Sacre du Printemps,” or “Rites of Spring,” is the most ambitious of Stravinsky's ballets written especially for Diaghaleffs Ballet Rus-se. Nijinsky, the great dancer, was choreographer for the first performance of the work.
When first given, the ballet caused a storm of protest from the conservatives of Paris. The bold orchestration, the violence of the disson ances, and the primitive subject matter raised the turmoil. After 25 years, however, the "Rites of Spring” has assumed its place in the con cert repertoire as a vigorous theatrical work.
written in ink on one side of the paper. Manuscripts must bear fictitious names. Each contestant's name in a sealed envelope shall be attached to the manuscript.
4. Manuscripts must be mailed through the university postoffice to the English department before May 2. 1938.
Wax Works Will Be Shown Tomorrow
The German film fantasy “Wax Works.” the second in a series of cine-classics, will be presented by the department of cinematography tomorrow afternoon.
examinations, but a students are honored
few foreign through re-
committee who ar assisting White are Catherine Noel. Katherine
cognition by the Institute of Inter- Brown. Frances Gregory, and Ann Navy Patrol Planes national Education.	Anderson.
Mr. Arthur Knodel. president of Professors of social work are urg- Anchor in Northern Bay Pi Delta Phi. honorary French so- mg members of the school to at- SAN FRANCISCO. April 25.—(L'.P) ciety. has been offered an assist- jten{* some of the sessions of the -Twenty-nine u. S. navy patrol antship in a French lycee. The pos- conference before it ends Thursday bombing planes and the aircraft
afternoon. Students who present tenc}er u.S.S. Wright were anchored their ASUSC cards will be charged in San prancisc0 bay today for duty
in th% concluding phases of the annual navy war games.
The length of the stay of the The theme of the conference is planes and the mother ship was "Social Change: Social Gains?” This indefinite.
ition is for one year s time in a school which has not yet been de- , signated.
Miss Davenport graduated with honors from Birmingham Southern college where she was a member of Gamma Phi Eeta social sorority and of Phi Sigma Iota, honorary ro- ; mance language organization.
a registration fee of 50 cents instead of the usual one dollar for non-conference members.
U.S.C. Organizations
Honorary Croup Holds Initiation
Twelve freshmen will be initiated
pjan News Reel Will low Styles in Dress
lemi-formal and campus after-Ln wear supply the theme to the Lian news
Iture “Appropriate Apparel." to be |wn Friday. April 29 in Bovard litorium. according to Ellis Yar-editor of the news reel.
The film to be presented for the f first time in Los Angeles, was made
in 1924 and directed by Paul Leni. this afternoon into Phi Eta Sigma. This film was used as the basis for other film fantasies such as “The Thief of Bagdad” which starred Douglas Fairbanks Sr.
Alpha Eta Rho
James Griffin, from the publicity department of the Lockheed Aircraft company in Burbank, is the
Quill
J. Stewart Blackdon. pioneer of the cinema, will address members and friends of Quill club, professional fraternity in creative writing, tomorrow evening at the annual Gutenberg banquet. Dinner will be
Although made in Germany, the
reel s latest all-color fUm is equipped with English titles for American audiences. Emil Jan-nings and William Dieterle are the stars of the picture.
first vear honor fraternity, an-	*uest, s**aker at the	l™ch'
nounces Ernest Haggard, secretary.	on of Jlpha Eta Rho, national avi-
The ceremony will be at 5 p.m. in	at‘on, maternity. The luncheon is	„
the men s lounge of the Student	scheduled for 12:20 °'clock in Elis- served at 6:30 o clock at Queyrel s
Unj0n	abeth von KleinSmid hall. Four- , French house. 4936 West Washing-
„	teen new members will be pledged
An initiation dinner will be held	^ ^ fratemltv
at 6 o’clock in the grill. Dr. W.
Hostetler Cains Lancer Position
Appointment of Bob Hostetler to the position of elections commissioner for the May 9 Lancer elections was announced last night by John Rose, non-org president.
Selection of May 9 as the date of the balloting for next year s president and nine board members was made so that the new executive might be installed with the rest of the ASUSC senate May 10. Hostetler succeeds Bill Quihn as elections commissioner.
Candidates for all offices are required to have a 1.3 grade average. Petitions may be obtained from the student body office on the second floor of the Student Union.
Rose also announced an administrative board meeting for Wednesday afternoon, at 2:30 p.m., in the Senate chamber of the Student Union. Frances Paddon, George Gracin, and Hansel Warner will make a report on the plans for the next Lancer dance.
By The Inquiring Reporter
"I'm as unhappy as a nudist in a hail storm,” Jack Warner boldly told reporters at a press conference last night when he was asked to spread a word or two of enlightening comment on the April Wampus which, it is rumored, will ‘oe on sale tomorrow.
“Certainly the Wampus will be excruciatingly funny.” he modestly said, “that's just the trouble. The students of U.S.C. have been so used to ’unfunny’ Wampuses, lo. these many years, that I'm afraid they will lose their faith in mankind, if this one is as funny as I say.” LOOK FOR YOURSELF “On second thought,” Warner reconsidered. “I think I shall call the printer and ask him to tear out a few pages from the Wampus to tone it down a bit. so to speak. I don’t want professors complaining that students stayed awake in classes merely to read their Wampus.” Warner then handed each of the gentlemen present a copy of the April Wampus, telling them to look and see for themselves. The gentlemen looked. They saw. They were conquered. In a body they shouted. “Warner, you are right. You should tear out a few pages—it's more than we can stand.” Warner wondered what they meant.
"After the magazine appears,” the fearless editor continued, unperturb ed by the rabid heckling of the press, “I won't be able to print another word about sororities, for my “Rate Your Sorority Chart” will tell all there is to tell.”
LEAVES FOR MOSCOW Warner stopped ln the midst of his oration as the phone rang waking the gentlemen of the press who by this time were snoring soundly. He spoke into the mouthpiece for a short while, then slamming the receiver down he grabbed his suitcase and said, “Gentlemen, the sororities are after me for telling all I know about their houses.
If anyone wants me, tell them to write in care of Snow White.” With these words he ran down the hallway. It is believed, he left on the Lusitania bound for Moscow.
When Warner left, the reporters picked up the few copies of the April Wampus he left, and agreed that it was all that Warner claimed it was. They too grabbed their suitcases and ran down the stairway. When asked if they were bound for Moscow, the gentlemen stated that they were heading for sorority row “to see if it was true what they said about Troy.”
Your Inquiring Reporter followed!
von KleinSmid was chosen as chairman because of his previous activity in peace promotion.
WEDNESDAY IS PEACE DAY
The assembly, which was originally scheduled for Wednesday, will be held today because of the inability of the chairman to be present the following day. The day originally chosen is observed as Peace day on college campuses throughout the United States,
The program planned is divided into two parts. The first part is the presentation of their views by the speakers. This section is divided into a period to allow 5-minute speeches by each of the three representatives from the Peace Union, and another for a 5-minute rejoinder which will be allowed each person after the original views have been expressed.
PROGRAM IS DIVIDED
During the second portion of the program the assembly will develop into an open forum. Members of the audience will be allowed to take the floor and express their views on the subject.
Members of the Peace Union who have been chosen to express their points of view in the assembly are Maurice Atkinson on collective security. Margaret Blankenship on collective sacrifice, and John Golay on neutrality.
The Peace Union will hold a meeting tonight at 7:30 in the University Methodist church. Officers who were selected by the nominating committee will be voted upon.
Dr. Austin Is Awarded Italian Medal
Dr. Herbert Austin, the head oi the Italian department at U.S.C., has just been awarded the Gold Medal of Merit of Italy by King Victor Emanuel for “the diffusion of Italian art and culture abroad.”
The medal was presented to Dr. Austin by the Italian ambassador at Washington, and the vice-consul at Los Angeles, Duke Roberts di Car-acciolo.
Dr. Austin has had published about 40 articles dealing with the Italian language and literature, of which 30 deal with Dante and hia works. He has also written a number of reviews of works relating to Italian culture.
In June and July of 1981 Dr. Austin gave a series of six lectures at the University of Rome, on “Di alcune metafore controverse nell opera di Dante” (On some debatable metaphors in Dante’s work”).
In 1934 Dr. Austin was president of the American Association of Teachers of Italian. He was the editor of “Italica,” the bulletin of the association, from 1928-1933.
ton at the corner of Washington and La Brea.
Ballentine Henley, director of coor- • dination, will be the speaker of the ^lonion
From the Office Of the President
Each year the student* of the liversity of Southern California rticipate in a discussion of the oblems involved in maintaining jrlc peace.
The Peace day assembly will be ■Id today at 10:45 a. m. The (lowing schedule will govern asses for the moming.
S a.m.-8:45 a.m.
1:5© a.m.-9:49 a.m.
‘9:45 *.m.-10:40 a.m.
:1#:45 a.m.-11:30 a.m. Assembly [11:35	p.m.
R. B. von KleinSmid President
11 ' ■ ■
The next presentation of the department of cinematography, if
evening. Haggard said today that it is imperative for everyone plan-i ning to attend the dinner to notify Wax Works ' is successful, will be j)r Francis Bacon before the in- business meeting will be conducted either “Imitation of Life" or “Show Nation. Price of the dinner is 65 ■to discuss plans for the annual Boat.”	cents.	spring formal and a program will
The showing time of the picture Initiates are to report to Dean ^ presented under the direction of is one hour and 45 minutes; there Bacons office at 4:30 for instruc- Janet Barrow, president of the or-will be an admission charge of 25 tions The new men are Robert
Aden. Earl Bolton .Herb Brown.
Tom Call. Jose de los Reyes. Adrian Goodman. John Lebolt. Roland Russell. Harold Valantine, Gordon Wright. Arthur Silveri, and Law- Choral rence Rauch.
cents except for those holding season tickets.
The film will be shown at the following intervals Wednesday: 9 a.m.-11 a.m. in cinematography laboratory: 1 pin.. 3:30 p.m.. and 7:30 p. m. in the law auditorium, room 302. ~
Petitions for Entrance
LABOR TRUCE IMPROBAfeLE _	. .. . ,
Washington. April 25—d'.p»— roian Knights Due
Men students who desire to peti-
Clionian literary society will meet tonight at 7:15 in the YWCA. A
ganization. All members are requested by the president to be prepared to discuss recent books which they have read.
Secretarial
Secretarial club members will hear Mrs. Alberta Gude Lynch, member of a prominent Los Angeles shoe firm, Wednesday evening at 7 p.m. in the Student Union lounge. Refreshments will be served at the close of the meeting.
Trojan Knights
President William Green of the American Federation of Labor said tonight there is “no hope” for peace with the rival Committee for Industrial Organization. He made his statement as his executive council
Members of Choral club will meet tomorrow at 1 p.m. at the YWCA.
Lancers
John Rose, president of the Lancers announced an administrative board meeting for tomorrow afternoon. at 2:30 p.m. in the Senate chamber of the Student Union.
Members of the Trojan Knights cabinet will meet Coalson Morris, president, at 2:30 p.m. today in 232 Student Union. The following men are requested to be present: Byron Cavaney. John Olhasso, Frank Gruys. Jim Hogan, Jaye Brower, and Clee Foster.
Todays Organ Program
The following program will be presented by Archibald Sessions, university organist, in Bovard auditorium today during assembly period.
Overture to
''Hansel and Gretel” .... Humperdinck Humperdinck was a native of the beautiful Rhine province of Germany, and studied in Cologne, Munich, and Naples. He ably assisted Wagner in the production of Parsifal.
Aria for the G String. .................... Bach
The “Suite in D” was first performed under the baton of Mendelssohn in 1838, nearly 90 years after the death of Bach. This air was subsequently arranged for violin solo by Wilhekmj, and is now popularly known as the “Air for G String”.
lion for entrance into Trojan Knight.s honorary service organization. may obtain application blanks
from Coalson Morris, president, be- 1 Frances Paddon, George Gracin. and tween the hours of 2 p.m. and 4 Hansel Warner will make a report met to consider final expulsion of p.m. any day this week in 232 Stu- on the plans for the next Lancer laoamonal CIO unions.	dent Union.	dance
Wesley
Wesley club members will meet at p°V ^ Stnng *	Samuel Clemens adopted the name	reached the public during
____,_„i;______V, * ! Piece Heroique.................. Cesar Franck j while a reporter on the Virginia
Dr. Benson Publishes Book on Mark Twain
By Bob Garrett
“Mark Twain’s Western Years,” a book written by a U.S.C. professor after an extensive study of Mark Twain’s little publicized years in the West is now on sale. The Stanford University Press is the publishing organization.
Dr. Ivan Benson, associate professor in the U.S.C. School of Journalism, and the author of*
five other publications, is the author I magazines. The first bibliography
of Twain’s western writings is also included. Illustrations in the book show him aa a young man and picture the Nevada and California locale In which he worked. For his first year in Nevada, he chose the career of silver miner.
Widespread acceptance ol the fiction of Harte’s influenoe is shown, through examination of new material, to have little foundation in fact. Harte sought Twain's sketches for the Californian, but that magazine was only one of several publications to which Twain contributed. Other channels through which his
of the new book, which traces Twain's development as a writer during his five and one-half years in the West, from 1861 to 1866.
The influence of Bret Harte on the famous writer is discounted and that of Artemus Ward evaluated. The theory that a Mississippi river pilot, Capt. Isaiah Sellers, may have been the original Mark Twain was exploded when Dr. Benson unearthed a log book of the captains’ covering a number of years, in which is no reference to the pen name.
a new location today when they attend luncheon in 323 Student Union as a result of a change in plans made by Omar Hartzler, president.
Following the lunch at 12:20 p.m., a business discussion will be conducted by Hartzier.
Even in this “Song of a Hero” there are movements of the calm, contemplative depths of the composer's nature, but the joyous triumph of the finale is uppermost and convincing.
City. Nevada, Territorial Enterprise.
Material in the 218-page book includes 67 unreprinted items written by Twain as a reporter for Nevada and California newspapers, as well as articles he wrote for California
the western period were the Territorial Enterprise, the San Francisco Call, the Golden Era. the Napa County Reporter, the Sacramento Union, the Hawaiian Herald, the San Francisco Bulletin, and the Alta California.