Unfted Prest As«n.
Direct Wkre Service HAS	Z-42
SOUTHERN
DAILY!
CALIFORNIA
ROJAN
Editorial Office*
Rl 4111 Sta. 227 Night--PR-4776
VOLUME
XXX
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA, THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 1<?39
NUMBER 147
El Rodeo
^Aakes
Debut
Editor Neil Deasy Issues Yearbooks pay Before Schedule
1939 El Rodeo was ready for
irtribution today following a .ur-,release of the year books yes-EL bv Editor Neil Deasy. A day Id oi schedule, disposal of 3500 Tw** began at 1 p.nv yester-^.mthP student ticket office. Ap-Imiimstely 250 were released be-office closed at 5 o clock. ^,p|es of El Rodeo will be disputed in 213 Student Union be-* ITU s m. and 5 p.m. todav. ^.holders of activity books may
-- I__K*? t-»q finer a
Editor
in the cashier's office. A Lot will be issued which may be Singed for El Rodeo. About 1 activity books were issued at L beginning of the semester. This mid make available at least 500 „r books for distribution to non-wdfrs of activity books.
BIVD1NO IS DECORATIVE Thf binding on El Rodeo Is of Burnt* brown cloth with printing md decoration in lemon yellow, muches of dusty olive green are *4 inside for accent.
■Thit year's annual is really two Inks, different in color, in typo-paphv and in spirit One is a Indy! the classes, labs, and outside rs which educate a man; _ other is Play, the dances, brawls, snd rallies which give college life KTcolor. These two things con-Ltute the complete picture of S.C. |ii«( know it." This is the explanatory foreword of the editors of the Jtook. and indicates the manner in Ithich the book was planned. WtIRE PRESENTED j They state that while it is not possible to give a complete history It: m o!le*e year they have tried po »nvey a picture, give an impression, and create an image of a |ear on the S.C. campus.
The book is pictoral, with a min-num of written material. A photo-raph of Rufus B. von KleinSmid, sidem of S.C. for the past 18 rs, is placed in the front of the i, and this is followed by pic-i of university officials, student dv officers, and officers of ASSC. VARIETY OFFERED * variety of things are grouped ider the study section: seniors, in phsbetical order; colleges and bools with accompanying pictures It faculty and informal views; acuities of a cultural nature, with *lr respective staffs. Student and cultv committees, and honoraries, t likewise placed in this section. Plsy constitutes the second part I the book. Campus personalities ini activities, dances, sports, and ities are found in this section.
Rochester Plans tanors Program
I ROCHESTER. N Y. (I'.PI—Twen->-five University of Rochester stu-■* face the pleasant prospect of roption from examinations, for-W class work and grades during next two years.
[Itudeiu.s were selected for 1 hew division of honors studies. lnnlnK next September they attend two weekly seminars,
1 “We from that their time will their own. Each student will a field of study gnd work kpendently under the guidance f individual faculty tutors,
honors plan is part of a ■ liberalized curriculum which ** put into effect at the Fv«8ity of Rochester next fall.
the yp«r book by paying r
Blast
Injures
Children
S.C. Savants, Students Will Participate in 11th Government Institute
Thirty professors, instructors, and graduate students from j S.C. will participate in the 11th annual Institute of Oovern-j ment June 12 to 16 on the Southern California campus. Six leading authorities from Washington. D.C., together with ad-
Mid-Wesl Grade School- mlnlstrators from New York Chicago, and Toledo have ac-’ ccpted invitations to lead sections Forly-Nine Students Hurt at the institute.
Banau^t Film Stars To Appear To Honor ^ Annual Banquet Initiates Cinematographers
Gas Explosion Raies
Conference Delegates To Be Named
Japan-U.S. Conclave Attracts S.C. Students,-Consider Housing Plans
Delegates to the Japan-America conference, opening August 13 on the S C. campus, will be named today, announced Dr. Francis M Bacon, counselor of men.
Dr. Bacon indicated that several aspirants for the position had al-| ready been chosen but that the reg-j ular eligibility check-up was neces-I sary before the selections could be given the final confirmation. There are also a few remaining petit,inn-j ers upon whom the steering committee must yet vote.
HOUSING CONSIDERED
In the meantime the committee is making final plans for housing the attendants. Efforts are being made to make fraternities and sororities available as sleeping-quarters for men and women respectively and an attempt has been launched to negotiate an arrangement with some dining room in order that all delegates may dine at the same lo-| cation.
I The conclave will inaugurate ses-| sions August 13 and will last j through the 19th of the month, j Questions and i.ssues of importance | to both countries will be discussed.
! with the ultimate purpose of bettering the friendly relations between I Japanese and American students. TRIP PLANNED | Students participating in this year's meeting will journey to Japan next year to take part in the 1940 confab.
Members of the committee which decides upon the delegates and handles other arrangements include: Prof. Fred Burrill of Santa Monica senior high school; Prof. William Campbell, of the School of Education; Prof. John Harley, of the department of political science; Dr. Claude Buss, assistant professor in International relations; Edwin Hesser, graduate student at S.C; Kemp-ton Hall assistant to dean of men at UCLA; and Glenn Shivel, student in international relations Faculty members of the committee are acting in the capacity of advisers and will be supplemented at the conclave by the newly-selected delegates.
Dr. Bacon was high in his praise of the past four conferences, the last of which was attended by 150 Japanese and American students.
‘ We are hoping to attract even a larger group this year," the dean of men said.
HARRFRxnN n	ii ii'pi 1 JolnlnK w,th federal, state, and
BARBERTON. O., May 31—11 Rl— j clty 0fficlajs throughout California Forty-nine first and second-grade pupils and four adults bore injuries tonight from an unexplained gas explosion which ripped a frame building where the children were attending their last classes of the year.
Six of the children were ln ser- I Starbuck. Arthur D, ious condition and may die.	I Eleanor B McCreery,
Police believed the blast originat-
will be educators from leading unt versities to discuss current problems of government administration.
S.C participants include Dr. Floyd L. Ruch. John W Donner, Lester Lopez. Walter L. Henry, Paul Ashby, Edward J. Olstyn, Dr E D Greenleigh. Rex Regan.
Dr. Robert Kingsley. Dr. Martin H. Neumeyer. Catherine Greening, ed from gas accumulated in the j c M Baldwln Dr E G B)ark.
basement. The janitor. Harry White stone. Eugene L. Roberts. Margaret had gone there before the explosion j Rates. Dr. R W. Lamson. Philip
Dr. von KleinSmid Will Preside at Meeting Oi Scholarship Groups
Continuing a custom which began eight years ago, nearly 500 honor students will gather at the
| to burn waste paper. He was in-I jured. but not seriously.
TOTS HURLED BY BLAST The force of the blast catapulted I the children through breaks in the j walls and terrified those who were I not hurt.
A. Libb.v, William T. Howell, Thel ma Bollinger, Mulvey Z. White, Dr. William H. Burton. Dr. Bessie A McClenahan, Jean Lynch, and Dr. Ctu-leton C. Rodee.
Acting as chairmen for some of the sections will be the following:
I Shelden D. Elliott, associate profes-j Police believed that had fire foi- j sor of law; Dr W. Ballentine Hen-j lowed scores of others would have ley, director of coordination; Dr.
j been trapped. Nearly 100 pupils ; --
! were in the building at the time.
I Miss Mabel Miller, a teacher and j one of those injured, said, “There was a rush of air, a booming roar and then a blinding flash of flame.
“I'm not sure what did happen after that," she said.
THREE CRITICALLY Hl'RT Injured most seriously of the children were:
John W Pfiffner, professor of government; and Dr. John McDiarmid. assistant professor of public ad- j ministration.
Subjects of slum clearance, the | federal bureau of Investigation, aviation and military preparedness, i'nm"'1 Scholarship day dinner in public health, and traffic will be ln- the Foyer of Town and Oown to-cluded in 37 separate sections for | morrow night, discussion, according to Dean Olson. Dr Rufu„ B Von KleinSmid wtll During the five days of sessions, ! .	,
two general assemblies will be held ,,rPsld', *' thr	"nd lntroduc*
daily.	| the initiates of the honor societies.
Sponsored by the S.C. School of ! The Rev. W. Bertrand Stevens wtll Government, the institute will in- j (l(Wrrss the group, elude among the 500 participants initiation PRECEDES DINNER those from Washington, DC.: Dr.
Edward Warner, civil aeronautics j Initiation of the candidates into authority; James F. Grady, farm the various honor societies precedes credit administration; Dr. Lyman j the dinner, according to Dr. W. S. Moore. United States office of education; Dr. Howard B Myers,
WPA director of research; Dr. Samuel H. Ord way Jr., civil service commissioner; and E. L. Kohler. TVA.
Last year over 3000 government employees and officials attended the institute on the S.C. campus.
Newsreel To Review Year s Events To Scarabs
University Will Be Host
Dolores Jean Plucliiskv, 7; Arietta Howe, 6; and Harry Clemens,
Besides Miss Miller, the adults injured were Miss Albertina Mills, another teacher: P. W. White, school
Producer Bartelli Promises Double Feature,-Politics Take Spotlight
Architecture Fraternity
To Convene in June For 23rd Convention
Ballentine Henley, director of coordination. The dinner is ln honor of these students, he explains.
Honor societies to be represented at the dinner are: Alpha Kappa Delta, Beta Alpha Psl, Beta Gamma Slgma, and Beta Pi.
HONORARIES ATTEND
Others include: Blackstonian, Chl 1 Epsilon. Delta Phl Alpha. Delta Phi ; Delta, Epsilon Phi, Eta Kappa Nu, j the Honorary Music club, Iota Sig- J ma PI, Order of the Coif, Phl Al- j pha Theta, Phl Beta Kappa, Phi j CM, Phl Delta Kappa, and Phi Eta I Sigma.
Other groups represented are: Phl Kappa Phl, Phl Lambda Upsilon, Phi Slgma, PI Delta Lambda, Pi Lambda Theta, Pi Slgma Alpha, Psi Chi, Rho Chi, Sigma Delta
, ,, . . ,	Members of Scarab, honorary pro-Presenting a double feature show fpsslonal architecture fraternity, will to the student body, the regular rome from all points of the com- | PI; Slgma Oamma Epsilon, Tau Slg-
eelctrlclan. and White, the janitor Trojan newsreels, the final edition	pass to convene on the S.C. campus ma Delta, and Theta Phi.
The building was s temporary of thp year wm be shown tomor-	June 15'17 for thelr 23rd annual
structure being used until a new _____________, _________Inational convention.
school was completed.
Police said many of the children who were injured ran home in their
row at 9:55 a.m. in Bovard auditor
ium_	I The 15-year-old Trojan chapter,
’ . ,	.... j	_ "Isis Temple," will act as host to
Th. picture, entitled The Year thp „ aftlve chBp(m gnd , R]um_
fright, then were taken to hospitals in Review," will present outstanding nj groups that will make their con-and physicians’ offices for treat- j events as pictured by student cam- | ventlon headquarters ln the College ment.	| eras views of the recent political of Architecture and Fine Arts build-
Bt'ILDING TORN APART
Nagai To Give Music Recital
A galaxy of stars will attend the sixth annual banquet of the American Institute of Cinematography ln conjunction with the University of Southern California ln the Foyer of Town and Oown at 7:30 o'clock tonight.
Honorary speakers are Walt Disney, famous creator o< ______I Mickey Mouse, the Silly Symphonies. nnd Snow White, and Laurence Irving, artist, among whose recent accomplishments is the film "Pygmalion." Sir Cedric Hardwicke English actor, will not appear. contrary to plans.
VON KLEINSMID HILL, PRESIDE Dr. Rufus B von KleinSmid will preside at the banquet and Howard Estabrook, vice-president of the Academy of Motion Pictures, Arts, j and Sciences, will act as master ait , ceremonies.
j Members of the SC. alliance who j are serving on the committee ln charge of the banquet are Dr. Boris j Morkovin, assistant director of tha institute: Dr. J. Eugene Harley, secretary; and Dr. Albert Sidney Rau-| benheimer, dean of the College of Letters. Arts, and Sciences. NORMA SHEARER TO ATTEND | The list of guests includes Norma Shearer, May Robson, Mr. and Mrs. Nelson Eddy, Mr. and Mrs. Jaik Warner, Walter Wanger, Mrs. Leland Atherton Irish, and Mrs. Walter Harrison Fisher.
Honorary memberships to the institute will be awarded after dinner. The list of honorary memberships includes at present many of Hollywood s best known director* and actors.
Musical interludes will be presented by the S.C School of Music.
Tickets for students may be obtained from Mrs. w n Crocfcsr. acting secretary ln charge of ths dinner, in 300 Administration.
Taylor Selected As Delegate
Trojan Will Represent S.C. Meihodisis In Kentucky Meet
with candidates, methods of ,ln* dur,n* thelr three-day stay.
J. J. Ruhlln. who was working on | unfajr balloting, and campaign ral- Under the general chairmanship lies at 28th street houses are to be , of, Neal Butler the visiting delc-, gates will tour the motion picture shown. Don Bartelli, producer of studio.s. inspect the new buildings the series, remarks that a special of CBS. and attend discussion meet-section showing the 1932 ASSC elec- ! ings that will feature such men as tions will be incorporated In the R^hard Neutra. one of the leading , , modern architects of southern Cal-film, contrasting the two methods i jforn(a
of campaigning and balloting.	_. « , , ,	.
j The flnal banquet will be held Twenty-four pictures of the new j june 17 at the Hollywood Brown Amazons will be exhibited with i Derby restaurant, where Myron close-ups of the recently adopted Hunt, prominent Los Angeles archi-organiaztion sweater.	I tect, will be the guest speaker.
Other events contained in the fea- Freeland Simms, local presldent-ture are the play production. "Do- elect, Harold Olson, convention delever Road.'' the return of the Velero | gnte and retiring local president, III. and several recent track meets, land C. Raimond Johnson, chapter
—------ faculty advisor, will head commlt-
■	tees that are arranging for the bus-
Honor Award	inesa and entertainment of the vls-
| iting members, coming from Wash-
Civen Sophomore i,i«ton «nd th* Eastern states
a tool shed being erected on the site of the new building, said he heard the blast and children screaming.
"I started to run for the school.
Before I had gone 50 feet there | was a second blast. It seemed to j raise the building right up in the I air, but actually it was tearing lt apart.
I "Some children fell from the first floor to the basement and some fell | from the second floor to the street,
I don't see how any escaped without being seriously injured or kill-I ed.”
Barberton is a suburb of Akron,
| which has 255.000 population. Police [ and firemen from the larger city | aided at the scene.
Henley Honored By Businessmen
Dr. W Ballentine Henley, direc-' tor of coordination, was recently elected to the board of directors of j receives sophomore scholarship re the Los Angeles Advertising club, ; cognition and ha* been awarded oT which he is a member.	' prize.
Herman Taylor, chairman of the . ,
Religious Conference saident board AUtnOTlty nnd member of Phl Kappa Tau fra-	..	.
temity. is to be sent as the Trojan Will AddreSS delegate to the Methodist national
student leadership training confer- I D ^ CtOUD
ence which will take place at Berea * *	,
college. Berea. Ky., from June 12-17, ! French foreign policy win be th*
Dr. Carl Sumner Knopf, dean of j topic of an address tc be given br the School of Religion, announced Madame Laura Dreyfuss-Bnrney to yesterday.	!the International Relations club ai
I	^ » .i, ^,tf' last luncheon meeting Monday,
Kunle Nagai. pupil of Adelaide I Wallace Frasher, member of e iJune 5 Bt 12:15 p.m. m Elissbe.h Trowbridge Perry, will present a Troian Wesley club, will accompany v(m KleinSmid hall, senior piano recital to the public Taylor to lhe conference as a repre- Madam# Dreyfuss-Barney from
ln Bovard auditorium lomorrow night at 8:15 o’clock. She will be assisted by Hildred Carrico, coloratura soprano. Mary Louise Bulkeley, pianist, and Teruko Hirashiki, accompanist.
The following program will be presented:
Prelude and Fugue in G major
Bach
Sonata In E-Flat, Opus 27, No. 1 1 -	thu
Beethoven ! nt Put,ln* lhpm ^
campus, Dr. Knopf said.
Tom Pendll. 1938 Trojan graduate who now' holds the position of executive secretary of the National Council of Methodist Youth, will Chopin I also have an Important part on the Debussy program.
sentatlve of the Methodist group, pBrl|( ,s wH, lnformpd
on foreign
Dr, Knopf also announced,	affairs, according to Dr. Eugene
The two Trojan representatives, Harley, professor of political scl-thetr funds provided by friends of | ence.
the university, will’ travel to the The meeting is open to all interconference by machine ln company ,>sted students, announces Fred May, with delegates from UCLA. They j newly-elected president of the hope to gather ideas at the confer- Kroup. The price of the luncheon la ence as to the religious programs 40 cents, and reservations may be of the different universities made by signing up ln 304 Admtn-throughout the country with the aim latratlon or 206 Bridge.
Andante, Allegro Adagio con expressions Allegro vivace. Presto Voice—Bell Song 'from "Lakme")
Delibes
Nocturne in B major Arabesque No. 1
When honors were announced at ! the Women's Self Government as- U/amnilC Qf af f soc ia tlon banquet. Ruth Slrrpson’s I TTdMlrUi J name was omitted from the lift She
Will Hold Banquet Friday
Moseley Sees Communist Menace Endangering U. S.
Winding up the year, members
Prelude In C-sharp minor .
Bortklewlcz Voice—The Musical Snuff Box
.................................................. Lladoff
Tryst ............................ Barnett
Ecstasy	................. Rummel
Concerto In E-flat ............... Moeart
Allegro Andante Allegro
Orchestral accompaniment, sr- | of Muslc wm sing over KMTR Sun-ranged for second piano, will be
Music Student Wil! Present Radio Recital
Presenting three baritone solos, Jack Watson, student In the School
j of the Wampus staff will attend j
^mpus
^r9anizations
~ t0 a m old and new L^r,. Wsoa office
F^Pl(h*r8 30 pni i>,,s
Jftonton 13 30 Pm' 322 8tU-
Ihedt?1 P m . home of Mrs.
rjwerick Woodbridge.
yj** ■...... 1
Ckw*! *J,'i s pm Elisabeth
Sir“ifl t*u.
(CIJl 1M pi" *7w’
Bfefcak . tomorrow I^Wil- a i.'ts lul<l a,ld *»ew mem
ltto^ a 1111 Administra-I'*,® '“** ■nesubrra) — 1
Squalus Salvage Crew Reports Slow Progress
PORTSMOUTH. NH Mav 31— ii pi—Navy salvage workers reported slow but steady progress today In raising the sunken submarine Squalus and its cargo of 26 dead men.
How long lt will take to bring the 299 foot undersea craft to the surface, no one knew'. One high naval official saw little prospect of lt being raised before August.
One week after the 33 survivors had been brought to the surface found the attachment of an air hose to the water free control room of the Squalus the principal accomplishment in salvage operations
Through this and other lines, compressed air will be pumiied into the dry compartments U) make the submarine more buoyant and to prevent the ocean pressure — 109 pounds per square inch at that depth—from crushing the sides
Salvage operations were halted yesterday during a Memorial tribute to the victims.
j their annual dinner tomorrow night j at 7 :30 o'clock at Carl's restaurant, Editor Bud Colegrove said yesterday afternoon in his office.
WASHINGTON, May 31—(U.P.)—Maj. Gen. George Van All who have worked on 01 those Horn Moseley, retired, asserted today that the United States interested in the magazine may at-faces a “communist emergency which ought to be handled ln u.nd, Colegrove admitted Keys will I five minutes from the White House.”	be awarded senior members of the
The retired commander of the army's fourth corps area staff.
I charged belore the Dies committee
,	»ar department intelligence division
that order, originating in the White ^ mforma(wn on allrt!,.d move.
House are preventing the army from "fighting the enemy within our gates."
He declared the president should
menu against the government which intelligence officers agreed 011 "disturbing "
He accused the house committee
Jimmy Talcott, cartoonist, I* in charge of the mlormal alfair and requests that all those planning to attend meet him today at 10 a m iu the Sludent Union social hall Kenneth K Stonier, supervisor of
played by Mary Louise Bulkeley.
Clerk Requests Gym Equipment
Men and women students are ask-el by the physical education department to check ln tlieir gym equipment by noon Friday, June 2, If they have not already done so.
According to John Furlong equipment clerk, studenu wlll not only be charged wilh apparel retained and subject to a 25-cent fine, but tlieir grades will be withheld If they fall to meet the Friday deadline.
day evening from 8:45 to 9 o’clock, according to an announcement made by Prof Horatio Cogswell.
The baritone will present ' Zueig-nung" by Richard Strauss, “J'al Pleure en Kive” by Hui, and "Avant de Quitter Ces Lieux" ( Faust") by Gounod.
Ball And Chain To Convene
In the final meeting of the year,
discharge every communist 111 the 0f’'rp)u'ctance to ascertain details publications, will be chaperon, government of the United Stales q[ t))e •communist emergency 1 and every person giving aid and whjrh (alPS t)1(, united State.-comfort to communists.' and should AcUng chairman Arthur D Hea-authorue use oi military force to	^
ssachusetU. contradicted
-protect every individual ln Ins life h)[tl
; and property."	‘ Bull!" shouted Moseley, pounding
He was examined by the commit- the committee table "You don't tee, which is Investigating un-Am- j want to learn about lhe emergency, erican activities, as to his knowl- "The first thing I would do if edge of an alleged antl-semitic cam- j were president would be to issue jpaign to counter a purported plot Ln order discharging every Com-against the government.	munist ill the government of the
Moseley denied any conection with United States and every person giv-Nazl or Fascist organizations	ing aid and comfort to the Com-
I He admitted under questioning, j munist*.” tie said, however, that six weeks ago he at- ‘'Then I would release the United ! tended a patriotic" meeting on States army from IU present posl-Long Island al which he met Friu tlon. The army can make plans to Kuhn commander of the German- | fight Germany ln South America American bund	| but It cannot fight U»e enemy within
He testified that he provided Use our sute*.“
Rodee Speaks At Convention
Dr Carlton Rodee associate professor oi political science and public administration, was guest speaker yesterday at the combined conference of Department ot Industrial interests of the Los Angeles district. California Women's clubs, and llie American Citizenship division.
Mrs Ellwood J. Muger of Whittier and Mrs. Elsberry Reynolds of Pomona were chairmen of the affair which began with a morning session and was followed by a I luncheon.
Dean Stresses Uniform Attire
In order that the commencement processional be dignified and beautiful Dean Pearle Aikin-Smith stref.es that I lie young women should observe a uniformity of dress.
The Mortar Board should be worn straight and not tilted, with the tassel on the right side until the degree Is conferred.
The gown should be well adjusted at the neck and held in place with the black ties Black shoes and a dark gown are less conspicuous than white The standard is good taste In all Uitngs.
Harned Hoose and Georgia Baird are the new vice-president and secretary respectively of the I.R. elub.
Chapel Services End Tomorrow
The last meditation service at the semester at the Little Chapel
of Silence will be conducted by Dr. Carl Sumner Knopf tomorrow morning at 7:30 o'clock. Keeping le the season of the year, the meditation will revolve around the general theme of what to do with vacs tlon.
Todays Organ Program
Prof Archibald Sessions wlll
play two request numbers today on the last of the organ program series for this semester.
1-inl.inJu . ....... Sibrliul
The somewhat cryptic sUte-ment in Grove's dictionary, lhat "among the works due to Sibelus* sense of public duty may be mentioned the tone poem Pinlandia',” means, ln brief, that, since Sl-
members of Ball and Chain, honor-	wag ln receipt of a life
ary athletic managers fraternity, will meet tonight at the Della Slgma Pi fraternity house at 6:30 p.m. at which time they will have dinner
Following the dinner, a business meeling wlll be conducted Senior managers who wlll be honored are Jack Hessick, tennis; Steve Nance, rugby. Kenny MacDonald, football; Bob Smith, baseball; Dick Elliott, basketball; Bob Elliott, track; and Eldon Shimmen. fencing.
Engineers Will Conduct Final Semester Meeting
Students of the College of Engineering wlll meet lu 159 Science lomorrow morning at 9 55 o'clock Charles Dole, president, slates lliat It wlll be the last meeting of the year, and wlll be held to discuss plans for the fall semester
income from the Finnish government. he felt obligated, from time to time to contribute a composition in the nature of a pot-boiler to show that he was earning his dole. All those who love music for music's sake, whose heart* are gratified by inspired themes, will hold "Finlandia” high ln their musical affection.
Ck.njl /* A miHur ...Ctrti humk The "Three Chorals” are usually tegarded as Cesar Franck’a best organ essays. They reflect the French school of organ music which has shown brilliance and vitality since iu foundation was laid by Franck The "Three Chorals" are developments of the large variations form of the later Beethoven The third one In A minor, has a hymn-like character as IU chief subject.