Editorial Offices Night - PR-4776 RI-4111, Sta. 227
SOUTHERN
Volume XXVII
CALIFORNIA
TROJAN
United Pres* World Wide News Service
Los Angeles, California, Tuesday, March 10, 1936
Number 95
roy Will Hold Convention for Cosmopolitans
|oreign Personalities To Attend March 27, 28 On S. C. Campus
discussions Are Outlined
Registration To Commence Friday; Table Talks Will Be Featured
[Honoring the various Cosmopoli-|n clubs of all the universities Junior colleges in southern Calais, the S. C. organization will ■ a convention on this campus irch 27 and 28. ie event will be handled by Ed er, newly elected president of lopolitan club. George Navarro. i?r chairman, resigned because consular position necessitated
ttth the theme of the conven-r>n being “Challenge to Cosmo-JUtenism" many prominent forepersonalities are going to at-said Hesser. ie round table discussion will divided into three sections, the being psychology, economics, geographic. The program for week was outlined yesterday Hesser, and will consist of the plowing events: tegistration, beginning at 4 p.m., lay afternoon, is to be followed a tea in the social hall between
Makes Ready
Ed Hesser, new president of the S.C, Cosmopolitan club, who is to be in charge of the Cosmopolitan convention taking place here March 27 and 28.
Byrd Assistant To Address Engineers
Antarctic Expedition Reels To Be Shown at Foyer Meeting Tomorrow
With Lt, Richard B. Black, surveyor and assistant scientist on the second Byrd expedition from 1933 to 1935, as guest speaker, the Los Angeles section of the American Society of Civil Engineers will be the guest of the Southern California chapter at a dinner at 6:15 p. m., tomorrow, in the Foyer of the Town and Gown.
Five reels of motion pictures
I;a Guardia Plan Bids for Junior Prom Are S Rejected by *is,ueclto Ticket-Sellers;
Advisory Board NoveIty To Be Introduced
N
York Elevator Strike J Compromise Refused ' By Owner’s Group
Introducing a novel effect in junior proms at S. C., the committee in charge of this year’s event, to be held at the Brentwood Country club a week from Friday night, plans to place a flower ring at the entrance, through which each couple will pass before reaching the reception room. Favors will
be presented to all those attend-! ing. it was further announced yes-
C urators Favor Proposal | ^ay
____The ticket committee for the
_r . _ .j -p.	j prom, co-headed by Bob Trapp and
U non President 1 hreatens Carolyn Everington, issued bids to
‘Big Push To Tie up Additional Stores
3- EW YOR1C, March 9— 0J.P) — Th* Realty Advisory board, repre-ser ing owners of buildings affected oy the New York elevator strike, tol 'j, Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia toi; ght that it could not accept his con promise for settlement of the coi roversy. •
VTiile the board called its statement “a qualified acceptance” of La niardia’s terms, it pointed out thi; lt had no authority to bind du ;ding owners to any terms. It ad. -?d that if the mayor’s proposal we » submits to the building owners, it undoubtedly would be rej -cted.
Employes Accept Plan T ie Building Service Employes’ uni ‘ m already had accepted La-Gu rdia’s proposal which called for establishment of a “preferential she >” with arbitration of wages, hole's, and working conditions to foli 'W. The preferential shop would giv union members preference wh never building owners hire ad-dit .raal help.
d.mes J. Bambrick. president of thej union, hud countermanded an ord-r calling out more elevator operators in thr grand central zone
an;< extending: the strike to Brook- |*yesterday.
campus salesmen yesterday morn ing, and also placed a block with the ticket office of the University book store.
Sid Smith, president of the junior class, said definitely yesterday that not more than 250 bids are to be placed on sale.
Deficit Minimized “It isn’t that we don’t care about making money," Smith explained, “but is necessary because of limited space for dancing at the Brentwood.**
Liklehood of the class suffering a deficit in prom proceeds was reduced to a minimum last November, when unusually good profits were reaped from a dance at a movie studio. It is unnecessary, therefore, to use the prom for money-making purposes, and stress is consequently laid on the dance itself rather than on proceeds.
It was in line with this unique policy that the junior council last week reduced the price of bids to $2.50 per couple, which is a dollar less than was the price for last year’s affair.
Quality the Sam* Reducing the price, however, brought no reduction in quality, according to committee plans. Hal Grayson’s dance orchestra has been contracted to play, as announced
showing the scientific work as well lymand Queens in the hope that the
Ralph Tyler Flewelling
. . . to address Cosmopolitans
id 5 pjn. The tea will be sponged by the Interiratemity Mo-
ers’ club.
it 6:30 o’clock Friday evening.
mssions will be held in the Foyer Town and Gown under the co-lirmanship of Norm Johnson and iry Louise Hair. The theme of affair, says Hesser. will be Irely International.
rincipal speakers of the conven-| will be Dr. John Harley. Dr. iude Buss, and Dr. Ralph Tyler dwelling. Mudd Memorial hall Il be the scene of the round table Icussion. ie University Methodist feder-church women will sponsor luncheon which is to be held | the University Methodist church embly chapeL
affair, said Hesser. will rk one of the highlights of the |endar year of the Cosmopolitan Philip Ahn. last year’s presi-of the group, will assist in lging the event.
as the strange animal life in the Antarctic will be presented by Black, who made three airplane flights on survey work and seismic soundings on Ross shelf, and traveled over 2,000 miles by dog sleds when laying out bases and gathering engineering data.
Black was the surveyor on the expedition that found that Queen Maud range contained coal, sandstone. and fossils. The range is within 180 miles of the South Pole. This expedition also added 450,000 miles of hitherto unknown territory to the Pacific quadrant of the Antarctic circle and proved that the bottom of ihe worlds is one continent, not two.
legates’ Housing Plans Are Made
lousing of delegates to the con-ltion of all Cosmopolitan clubs :h will take place on this cam-beginning March 27 was the jlem discussed at a meeting of Panhellenic council held yes-in the legislative council
was decided to bouse the dele-in the residence halls, while persons usually living there be given living quarters in the lous sorority and fraternity ises on the campus. There are ected to be 30 girls living in women's residence hall at that from the foreign clubs, was announced that in the re. the president of Panhellenic bp a voting member of the slative council, as in the past rush rule president was not red a voting membership. Kathleen Murphy, president, refed the question on the next ice. and it was decided to change date from May 8 to May 15. ch problems as what to wear a place to hold the dance will discussed at the sorority houses final plans will be made in the future.
Black Shirts Drive Deep Into Ethiopia
ASMARA, Italian Eritrea, March 9 — (HE) — Italian troops drove the j wedge of Fascism deeper into Ethiopia tonight, the Black Shirt legions advancing to new objectives along the entire northern front.
Numerous clashes with the last remnants of Ethiopia’s shattered armies were reported.
Airplanes dropped food and supplies to a native Eritrean brigade which crossed the Takkaze river Saturday. The troops are driving fiercely into the Lake Tana region, in the British sphere of influence.
Meanwhile, the left flank of Marshal Pietro Badoglio’s rear guard in the Tembien region penetrated several miles beyond historic Amba Alagi, gateway to Lake Ashangi and the motor highway to Dessye and Addis Ababa.
Re:’ltv Advisory board would accept Lauuardia’s arbitration offer.
‘Big Puf h’ Threatened I -a said, however, that if the Realty Advisory board failed to accept arbitration he would start a “bit" push” in in attempt to tie up department 5 lores in Manhattan ant1 spread tho strike to other boroughs.
A though Bambrick said no more bui iings had been “pulled” today, stri .is occurred throughout the metropolitan urea. Workers in 13 bui'lings at Columbia wal-;«id out.
Walkouts Sporadic Q xtradic walkouts also occurred in Newark, N-J., *nd Robert Everett, union organizer, was taken to poli'* headquarters for questioning
VI hen informed of the Realty Advise ry board’s answer to LaGuar-dia’s arbitration proposal, Bam-bricJ: said:
“V/hat's my answtr to them? The'11 get it tomorrow.”
Freshmen Will Debate Pomona
Following is a list of juniors from whom bids to the prom may be purchased:
Joyce Rippe. Ruth Sinclair, Martha Baird, Letitia Lytle, Aileen Brown, Margaret Snyder, Mary Jane Sturgeon, Myra Morris, Lucille Hoff, Marvin Rappaport, Jack Goldman. Worth Larkin, Bob Trapp, Sid Smith, Pauline Berg, Norm Johnson, Jack Warner, John Parker, Maynord Hathaway. Floyd Dunhurst. Joe Joy. Archie McNeil, Frankie Thomquist. Caroline Everington, Grace Libby, Jim Krue-university j ger, Paul Sackett. Jack Privett, Maurice Kantro, Mary Jane Booth. Sybil Silverstein, Frank Gruys, Mac Kerr.
Sid Smith, president of the junior class, who is directing plans for the annual junior prom, which Is to take place at Brentwood country club a week from Friday night.
Press Service Executive Sees War in Balance
Sounds Note
T’aveling to Los Angeles high school this afternoon. Coach Ames Cratrford’s freshman debaters will engage in a dual contest with the Romans at 2:15 o’clock to consider further phases of she supreme court question.
Ar hur Guy and Glenn Stevens will irgue the negative, while Tom Dutcher and Ed Piersol defend the affirmative.
P< mona will oppose the first-year men here Thursday at 3 pjn. in Forter hall. Again upholding the affrmative will be Tom Dutcher and Ed Piersol, while Clifford Royston and Clinton Tems;rom handle the negative.
;sions Will Give Third rgan Recital Tomorrow
isted by Alexander Kissel-baritone. Archibald Sessions, Iversity organist, will present the of a series of organ recitals lorrow evening at 8:15 in Bovard ‘itorium.
program will include several e solos and crgan numbers, them a solo frim Parker’s Novissima,” and Bach's “Ad-A minor.*’
▼an Lewen Swarthout, di-ot the School of Music will accompanist.
Conspiracy Is Charged in Navy Food Sale Monopoly
By United Press.
A federal grand jury last night returned indictments against 11 persons, charging them with participating in a huge scheme to monopolize sale of poultry and foodstuffs to the United States navy at exorbitant prices.
E. K. Zuckerman. Los Angeles attorney, and Pete Riley, --—-—.¥formtr chief petty officer in charge
Love's Labor Bared 10f n'ival storehouses at San Pedro,
Prof Tells Em How * * * *
Talks Cram Classes
FRESNO, March 9, — flT£) — Love and the question of keeping it went on a class-room basis in Fresno evening high school tonight.
Each Monday night ln March. Charles Woessner, Instructor, will lecture on “How To Fall in Love and Stay Put.” The school reported S.R.O. signs posted for all classes.
Prefacing this lecture in the buUetin was the statement:
“Records show that one man kept bees because they were set on stinging his mother-in-law But we know that true marriage is a happy venture into a promised land. Yet to endure it we must have our eyes open, our minds alert and our hearts aflame.’
Calif., were among those indicted. Most of the remaining nine are merc'^ants engaged in selling poultry products
Ths defendants were charged with conspiring with Riley to accept bids, in some instances as high as 100 per cent over the current market price, for poultry which had been pumped full of water and frozen to increase weight.
The bids wen; submitted to the nava) supply depot at San Diego and v >vered all equirements of the fleft ’here and -t San Pedro, the indici ments said.
Bench warrants were issued for the <? Pendants and turned over to the Vnited States marshal. Several of tho defendants were indicted nearly a year ago and are awaiting trial on a previous indictment charging the same offense.
Thr federal grand jury deliberated nearly a day before the indictments were returned. In addition to Riley and Zuckerman, others, mdicted were Tom Mottram, D. E. Gray, J. M. Hudson, Harry Phillips Carl CU-vin, B. W. Adams. L. D. Cowan, Gh?orge Cinrjuini, and Victoi iolem.
State Prepares To End Conflict Between Unions
ASTORIA, Ore., March 9 — OLE) —The state moved swiftly tonight to crush a jurisdictional “war” between rival unions in Clatsop county logging camps.
Meanwhile, the flare-up between the sawmill and timber workers’ union and the pulp and sulphite workers’ union, which resulted in two deaths and a score of injuries near Seaside Saturday, was felt across the Columbia river in Washington.
The crew of 359 men at the
Crown-Willamette company’s logging camp near Cathlamet, Wash., struck, reportedly at the order of Portland headquarters of the Sawmill and Timber Workers’ union.
A tractor and bulldozer in the woods near the Crown-Willam
Duggan, Powell To Speak on Alliances
Foreign Affairs
To Hear Authorities Interpret Events
Dr. Stephen Duggan, director of the Institute of International Education and a recipient of outstanding foreign honors, will be one of two principal speakers at the World Affairs assembly dinner to be given Saturday, March 21, in the Vista del Arroyo hotel, Pasadena, announced Dr. Rufus B. von Kleinsmid. chancellor of the Los Angeles University of International Relations which is sponsoring the affair.
Dr. Duggan will discuss “Contemporary Russia Internally’’ at the dinner. Dr. Chester H. Rowell, editor of the San Francisco Chronicle,
Imminent League Sessions May Prove Fateful, ‘Perhaps Fatal’
Strife Question in Doubt
France Bitterly Denounces Germany’s Repudiation Of Locarno Treaty
(Editor's note: Ed L Keen, United Press vice president in Europe and dean of foreign press correspondents on the continent, comments tn the following dispatch, on prospect for continued peace in Europe.)
Copyright, 1936, by United Press.
PARIS. March 9— <U.E>— The Issue of peace or general war in Europe swung in delicate balance today.
The league of nations council meeting Friday and Wednesday's meeting of its committee of 13. may well prove fateful if not fatal.
France already has declared her position uncompromisingly, excorating bitterly Germany’s unilateral repudiation of the Locarno and Versailles treaties.
England To Be Peacemaker in German Crisis
Increased Armaments Are Necessary for Security.
Is Baldwin Stand
Offer Rejected
She has rejected scornfully Fuehrer Adolf Hitler’s offer of other treaties which, according to French Premier Albert Sarraut, doubtless would only meet the same fate.
But at the same t'*r~. France is proceeding along internationally legal lines.
While taking all miUtary pre-St udents cautions regarded as necessary as weU as justifiable in the circumstances, France is avoiding any step likely to precipitate a conflict. She has placed her case before the league, meanwhile endeavoring industriously to enlist the support of other league members, especially her Locarno allies.
Presspd for Decisions Various cabinets. especiaUy the British, were confronted today with the necessity of making their most momentous decisions since 1914 — whether and to what extent to support France in her demands for action against Germany under the Versailles treaty.
The French demands mean economic and financial sanctions—possibly military sanctions.
Meanwhile comes word from Berlin, and from the most authoritative sources, that the German government would construe the appU-cations of sanctions of any kind as a hostUe act.
Dr. Rufus B. von KlelnSmid
. . . prepares for assembly
will also speak on the program, which is under the leadership of Dr. von KleinSmid. Dr. Rowell’s subject is “The Probable Internal Alliance and Possible Effect on World Peace.”
Dr. Duggan holds a Ph.D. degree from Columbia university and
ette’s Black Bridge camp, 10 miles I honorary degrees from Rollins col-
sonth of Seaside, was ruined by dynamite.
Twenty-four members of the sawmill workers union said to have participated in the raid on Crown-Willamette’s camp a mile from Seaside, in which two of the raiders were slain with buUets, were JaUed.
lege, University of Michigan, and San Marcos university. Peru.
Court Study Is Made by Harley
Dr. J. Eugene Harley, professor in the department of political science. has published in two parts, an article on “The Constitution and i e*. r?s, e the Supreme Court.” The first part of this article appeared in the March issue of Civic Affairs, a paper published through the cooperative efforts of the School of Government and the department of poUtical science.
The aim of the paper is to stimulate the study of government on the part of all citizens and to pub-Ush brief summaries of important governmental problems, bocks, and periodical notes.
Miami Ripped by Pair of Tornadoes
MIAMI, Fla_ March 9 — CP) — Two miniature tornadoes ripped a wide residential area here tonight. Police investigated a report that one person was killed.
Half a dozen persons were reported injured.
Property damage was reported in exclusive residential districts. In the swanky southwest section of the city, power had failed. and in the northwest district power lines were down and flashing in the streets.
Stanley Baldwin, premier of Great Britain, whose speech in parliament yesterday asserted that England holds the pivotal position in imminent European strife.
Musicians To Play Works of Masters
Orchestra, Mixed Chorus To Unite for Easter Concert March 3!
The annual pre-Easter concert by the combined university mixed chorus and the university orchestra, unless the aggressor knows he would
Moderation To Be Course
League Council Will Meet Friday to Determine Policy on Rhine
LONDON, March 9.—(UP) —Great Britain tonight stood as the bulwark against war in Europe.
Condemning Germany for violating her sacred treaty obligations, yet attempting to restrain France from lighting the fuse which would start a European conflagration, the British faced the thankless task of preserving peace.
Before the house of commons and behind the locked doors of the cabinet room Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin and Foreign Secretary
Anthony Eden stood for moderation and even tempers but did not welch on their government's treaty obUgations.
Arms Increase
“To secure peace we must have increased armaments,’ Baldwin declared. “It is impossible to prevent some aggressor from starting war
under the direction of Alexander be met immediately by armed op-Stewart, will be presented Tuesday,' position.
March 31, in Bovard auditorium, it	“Neither the government nor the was announced yesterday by Max	British people would ever be invan Lewen Swarthout. director of	timidated. Dy threats, from what-the S.C. School of Music.	ever quarter they came. As a nation This year’s ewent will comprise a	we could go on longer than others 45-minute program of symphonic and. if driven to tt, we should not numbers by the orchestra, including	hesitate.” the first movement of the Cesar	Galleries Tense Franck symphony in D minor; the	While Eden and Baldwin spoke popular overture “Mignon,” by the galleries, spectators in which Thomas; and “Walthers Song” from	included the French. Russian. Bel-Wagner's “Die Meistersinger.” The	gian. Spanish. Polish, and other
chorus wiU be heard in the Brahm's motet, “O Heart Subdued with Grieving" with string orchestra accompaniment; “JuDilate, Amen” by Max Bruch; and a choral transcription with orchestral accompaniment of Sibelius’ “Finlandia."
In the second part of the program, Dubois’ Lenten cantata, “The Seven Last Words," wiU be presented.
To avoid overcrowding Bovard,
ambassadors, were tense.
“The German government’s course has shaken profoundly the confidence in any engagement which the government of Germany might enter in the future,” Eden said.
“At the moment there is no reason to suppose that the Oerman action impUes the threat of hostilities. But the league of nation* council is fche proper body to con-
Cinema Forum Will Present Film Score
admission will be by complimentary sider the situation. The council will tickets which may be had upon meet Friday. Before then no de-application either at the School of cision can be reached.
Music, the musical organizations	Assistance Promised
department, or at the ticket win- “His majesty's government thinks dow in the University Book store, it necessary to say that should
--i there take place during the period
Mnairal Smnlf#»r	which will be necessary for con-
sideration of the new situation, any
To Be Tonight
actual attack upon France or Belgium which would constjfl&te a violation of article II of th» Locarno his majesty’s government.
Phi Mu Alpha, national honor-I ary and professional music frater- I treaty,
| nity, will present members in an j notwithstanding German repudia-I aU-university smoker and program i lion of the treaty, would regard , tonight in the social hall of the 1 themselves in honor bound to come I Student Union.	i in the manner provided by the
Max Steiner’s musical score for An invitation is extended all Tro-the academy award picture “The In- | jan men interested in musical ac-former” will be projected as the tivities to be present bj Richard feature of the fourth cinema forum j Huddleston, president, of the American Institute of Cine- j Jios®P^1 Sullivan, tenor, will sing matography, which will take place i In the Bell Howell studios on Saturday, March 14, at 7:30 pjn,
“Music and Sound in Motion Pictures.” will be the subject for the evening, with Max Swarthout, director of the School of Music, as chairman. R. H. Townsend, of Fox FUms, and Max Steiner, musical director of R.K.O, wUl be guest speakers.
The forum is open to members and non-members as long as seats are avaUable. Reservations should be made early, and not later than March 12, by writing the cinema ap-precation league, box 74, S.C.
treaty to the assistance of the country attacked.”
Eden indicated British readiness to consider Hitler's proposals.
“In the present grave condition of international affairs the gov-player, will appear In the solo por- I eminent feels no opportunity must tions of Strauss’ “Concerto for j be missed which offers any means Horn.”	(Continued on paire four*
Huddleston wiU make explana- !	-
tory remarks regarding Phi Mu Al- I pha-Sinfonia. Alton Gage will be in charge of the program.
Money Ordered In
AU College of Commerce students who sold tickets to the Ro-.. milly boy choristers’ program yesterday have been requested to. turn In money received to Miss Bernice Rickei, commerce office, this morning.
Victory in Ethiopia Called Price of Italy War Stand
Copyright, 1936, by United Press.
ROME, March 9.—(UP)—Italy tonight angled for victory in Ethiopia and at the League of Nations as her price for
taking a stand in the highly inflamed European crisis.
Failure of Great Britain to support French demands for j tion brought Towusend into tn* punitive action against Germany, observers believed, wouid , hotel ^by where ’he taithf ■'
Townsend ‘Deified’ By Kansas Crowd
KANSAS CITY, Mo., March 9-(U.R) — Excited followers of Dr. Francis E. Townsend hailed him »f “Messiah” and “next to Jesus” today when he appeared here for ar old age pensions council of war.
The lean-faced. Long Beach, Ca. doctor and the regional ebiefs oi his movement from the southwest. Rocky Mountain and Pacific coas. states invaded the heme town of Rep. C. Jasper BeU, chairman o: a house committee which will investigate “old age pension schemes.”
The organization’s hlgt command looked over Hev. C. F Hatfield, retired Presbyterian minister who will run against Bell. This ac-
strengthen Franco-ItaUan friend-*
‘Pre-Darwinians’ Will Be Discussed by Dr. Fuller During Forum Lecture
Dr. B. A G. FuUer, professor of philosophy, will give the fourth lecture in the phUosophy forum’s series for the semester this afternoon at 4:15 pjn., in Bowne room, Mudd Memorial hall.
Dr. Fuller’s subject will be “The Pre-Darwinians.” which is a sub-topic of the philosophy forum’s general subject, ‘Changing Concepts of A Living World.” The lectures are free and are open to tbe Public.
m.
The twister struck about 7:45 p. i ship and cause France to abandon
her share of sanctions against
Damage was heavy in a street j Italy, carnival, where four or five persons i Thus Italy’s colonial troops would were hurt. Ferris wheels and mer 17- be able to renew their east-African go-rounds were demolished.	I campaign with increased vigor.
The storm area covered about j Military operations wUl continue four square miles, although the de- 1 in east Africa “without being instructive winds struck only in a
fluenced by the European crisis, an official spokesman said.
Coincidentally. German Ambassador Ulrich von Hassel was closeted with Premier Benito MussoUni.
After the conference the Italian chamber of deputies was convened in the presence of II Duce and aU members of the government. Thc /\ r . i< l 00 session was devoted to the Italo-Upen semester luarcn Lo Ethiopian conflict. Although Mussolini made a speech, he did not
few scattered parts of this sector.
Jackson Memorial hospital reported half a dozen persons appUed for treatment. All but three, however, were released after superficial injuries had been cared for.
Civic Center Division To
The civic center division of the School of Government offers its spring quarter evening professional training program. Registration begins March 16, with classes being held in the city hall. The courses offered give credits toward certificates or degrees.
refer to the poUtical and miUtary situation in Europe.
The chamber session was opened by Const anzo Ciano, president, who praised ItaUan troops in Ethiopia and cited “the new spirit Italy has derived from the Fascist revolution."
Candidates Called ♦ * * +
Editor Seeks Pohtixians ’ ♦ * * * Speed Recommended
AU candidates for the important A.S.U.S.C. aU-university offices of president, vice-president, secretary. yeU king, and assistant yeU king, are to be privileged to retain one fuU page in the impending “Politix” number of the Wampus. Dick Nash, editor, announced yesterday, and aU such candidates are urged to get in touch with Nash Immediately.
This page wiU enable the poli-ticaUy-minded student to present his record before the student body in the early portion of the campaign. Because of the rapidly-approaching date of pubUcatton, Wednesday. Margfe 11
They descended upon him in droves. Elderly women seized hi' hands and outdid each other in adulation. Serious faced farmerr stood about with rapt expressions on their faces.
“Oh, Dr. Townsend.’ one elderly admirer in black silk said. “I’m so thrUled to shake youi hand. I hold you next to Jesus.”
Townsend raised his hand in a depreciating gesture.
NYA Checks To Be Ready Today, Says Dr. Touton
Dr. Frank C. Touton. S.C. NYA chairman, has announced that NYA checks wiU be obtainable in tbe comptroUer’s office at 11 o’clock this morning.
Checks to be received are those covering the period of January 30 to February 19 inclusive. NYA officials stated that checks must be obtained by students personally, and that time reports for ths Qcst pajr-iqU are due Marti)