History ignores work of women composers
By Ann Wilson
The involvement of women in contemporary music is widely recognized, but history books have ignored the achievements of females in classical pieces.
“When women think of women musicians, they think of sopranos, not musicians wrho play instruments or compose, and because of this they have been written out of the history of music,” said Jeannie Poole, author and music historian.
Poole is interested in putting women back into music history where they have previously been ignored.
As the artistic director of the Second International Congress of Women in Music. Poole will attempt to bring recognition to the accomplishments of women musicians from the Middle Ages to the present. The congress will be held on campus April 1-4, and will be co-sponsored by the School of Music and the Study of Women and Men in Society.
Men left women out of musical history during the 19th century because they felt that the women of their time were not contributing to society, so the women of previous centuries could not have contributed to their societies either, she said.
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Senate vs. administration: tuition conflict persists
Los Angeles experiences acute teacher shortage
School districts rely on emergency substitutes with no experience
By Mark Ordesky
Staff Writer
The conflict between student senators and university administrators over tuition hikes remains unresolved. Senators continue to plan rallies and stage protests, while the administration tries to deal with S10 to 12 million gap between its present funds and the budget goal it has set.
The intensity of this conflict was evident at a Student Senate tuition strategy/information meeting Wednesday.
The meeting was conducted by Mark Slavkin, a student senator who has led the senate fight against tuition hikes since September. He accused administrators of designing next year’s budget in a “backwrard manner."
The administration currently determines the budget by deciding how much money will be spent and then designing its budget to meet that need.
“The university must decide w'hat’s viable (in terms of a budget) first, then put the budget together, not the other way around." Slavkin said.
Tuition is fit into the budget as a variable, Slavkin said. Tuition is used to close the gap between the amount of money
the university has to spend, and the amount it needs to match its budget figure.
In other words, the university takes care of budget deficits by increasing tuition.
“Every percent in the tuition increase amounts to $1.5 million tow'ard closing the gap,” said Slavkin, referring to the S10 to 12 million budget deficit.
Slavkin said the administration already has a good idea of how’ much tuition will increase next year.
“It won’t be 11 percent,” Slavkin said.
“When (Jon) Strauss (senior vice president of Administration) calls 11 percent an optimistic figure,’ you know he must have a more realistic one in mind,” Slavkin said.
Strauss could not be reached for comment on the tuition issue.
"Students have got to wake up,” he continued. “They need to know tuition could go as high as a 14 to 15 percent increase.”
This is not inconceivable when one considers that if the administration chose to alleviate the S10 to 12 million gap with tuition money exclu-(Continued on page 3)
sons for the shortage of teachers: the number of children aged 5. 6 and 7 has increased
significantly; and fewer students have entered the education field because of the teacher surplus, which arose several years ago.
As an example, Hickerson said that as many as 250 students were enrolled in university classes for teacher education five to seven years ago. Today, only 80 students are enrolled in the courses.
Because of the shortage, Hickerson said he expects enrollment in teacher education courses to increase.
“In depressed times like these, they' will go where the jobs are,” he said.
To help combat the shortage of teachers in Los Angeles city schools, the university has three emergency programs where students with college degrees and no prior educa-
tional training can become paid teachers.
Approximately 20 students
iu the emergency programs are teaching in schools and receiving a salary w'hile taking education courses, he said.
“I think most of them (the students in the emergency programs) are glad for a chance to earn a living. I think they are pleased to be able to do the teaching and get the classes.
“It works out well for them and for the city. The city needs some teachers and they (the students) are making a living, ' Hickerson said.
Because the students are only temporary substitutes without credentials, they can be laid off at any time. But Hickerson interprets this as an incentive for the students.
“Getting their permanent credentials gives them support.” he said.
Staff photo by Alexis fgnatieff
TO THE VICTOR BELONG THE SPOILS
By Brenda Wong
Staff Writer
Los Angeles and other California cities are experiencing a teacher shortage that has forced some school districts to rely on emergency substitute teachers who have no educational experience.
Although other cities in the state are also experiencing a shortage of teachers. Los Angeles has a unique problem because the city has a shortage of 800 teachers, said Nathaniel Hickerson, a professor of education.
“I think Los Angeles proba-
bly has the most (teacher) vacancies in the state. It was the only city in California that was ordered to implement mandatory busing. Some people that are teachers don't really want to teach in the intercity like Los Angeles." he said.
Hickerson voiced two rea-
L.A. teacher shortage brightens chances for education students
Volume XCI Number 40	University of
trojan
Southern California	Thursday March 11, 1982
have been recruited from other states.
The Los Angeles Unified School District, which has the second largest number of students in the nation, covers 710 square miles, has 430 elementary schools and 150 secondary' schools. Fukumoto said.
Here to promote a career in education, she told a group of five students that local universities are usually excellent sources of recruits.
In her presentation in Waite Phillips Hall of Education, Fukumoto mentioned the advantages of teaching.
“There's a lot to be offered in education. The rewards are there. Every single day is different. You are working with students. It's more or less a helping profession." Fukumoto said.
As an educator, some frustrations are bound to exist. “The ones who are feeling the frustrations are the ones who have more concerns.” she said.
Fukumoto also addressed the advantages of teaching in a year-round school, a program implemented by the Los Angeles Unified School District in July 1980.
In the year-round system, instead of having three months off for summer, students attend classes for nine weeks and then have vacation for the next three weeks, with the cycle repeating throughout the year.
Unlike the other school systems where teachers do not receive any salary' during the summer, teachers are paid throughout the year.
“You're not going to get more money, but it will be spread out (through the year)." Fukumoto said.
Teachers like the program because they can devote more time in giving students a quality' education, she said.
Because the vacations are not given during the summer, the teachers can take vacations at other times, and they can arrange their personal appointments to be held during the three-week vacations they have. Fukumoto said.
(Continued on page 3)
By Brenda Wong
Staff Writer
A critical shortage of teachers in Los Angeles has increased career opportunities for students studying education in order to join the profession.
Speaking Wednesday afternoon to a small group of students interested in a career in education. Yuki Fukumoto. an adviser of the personnel division of the Los Angeles Unified School District. said the shortage was so great that teachers
Staff photo by Rich Levine
YUKI FUKUMOTO