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Eleven members of the New York 12 at their Smith Act Trial, Foley Square, New York, 1949

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Title	Eleven members of the New York 12 at their Smith Act Trial, Foley Square, New York, 1949
Description	Photograph of 11 members of the National Committee of the Communist Party of the United States during their Smith Act Trial: seated, from left, Robert Thompson, Henry Winston, Eugene Dennis, Gus Hall and John Williamson; standing, from left, Jack Stachel, Irving Potash, Carl Winter, Benjamin J. Davis, Jr., John Gates, and Gilbert Green. On July 20, 1948, a federal grand jury indicted 12 party members for conspiring to subvert the government. The indictment listed the acts of subversion as: organizing a political party dedicated to Marxism-Leninism; promoting Marxism-Leninism in publications; and establishing schools to teach the need to overthrow the government by force or violence. The "New York 12" were indicted under the Smith Act, which made it a crime to knowingly or willfully advocate the overthrow of any government in the U.S. by force or violence. The case of National Chairman William Z. Foster was severed from the trial, because Foster was seriously ill. The trial of the remaining 11 defendants began on Jan. 17, 1949, in the U.S. District Courthouse in Foley Square, New York City. At the conclusion of the nine-month trial, 10 defendants were fined $10,000 and sentenced to five years in prison. Robert G. Thompson was sentenced to only three years because he had received the Distinguished Service Cross for bravery during World War II. Defendants appealed their convictions, but the U.S. Supreme Court in 1951 upheld the trial court's decision.
Subject (lcsh)	Anti-communist movements -- United States Trials (Political crimes and offenses) -- United States United States. Laws, statutes, etc. Smith, act, 1940
Subject (corporate name)	New York 12
Subject (naf corporate name)	Communist Party of the United States of America
Subject (naf personal name)	Dennis, Eugene, 1905-
Geographic subject (city or populated place)	New York
Geographic subject (state)	New York
Geographic subject (country)	USA
Coverage date	1949
Photographer	Unknown
Publisher (of the digital version)	University of Southern California. Libraries
Date created	1949
Type	images
Format (aacr2)	1 photograph : photoprint, b&w
Format (aat)	photographs
Other format (imt)	image/tiff
Call number	scl-mss064-0328
Legacy record ID	scl-m0328
Part of collection	Charlotta Bass / California Eagle Photograph Collection, 1880-1986
References	[Identification of item], Charlotta Bass / California Eagle Photograph Collection, Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research, Los Angeles
Rights	Copyright has not been assigned to the Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research
Access conditions	Researchers may make single copies of images solely for the purpose of private study. Copies for any other purpose must be requested in writing from the director of Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research at the address or e-mail given (phone (323) 759-6063; fax (323) 759-2252). When the Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research gives permission for publication, it is as the owner of the physical item and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder, which must also be obtained. USC may provide high-resolution images and/or prints for purposes other than private study only with written permission from the Southern California Library.
Repository name	Southern California Library for Social Studies and Research
Repository address	6120 South Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90044
Repository email	archives@socallib.org
Filename	scl-mss064-0328~1; scl-mss064-0328~2

Description

Title	Page 1
Other format (imt)	image/tiff
Full text	17 '■■
Archival file	sclcbegl_Volume20/scl-mss064-0328~1.tiff

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Eleven members of the New York 12 at their Smith Act Trial, Foley Square, New York, 1949

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